Biology Chapter 4

A normal size range for a typical eukaryotic cell is _____

10 to 100 micrometers

A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____.

Golgi apparatus

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions

A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be _____.

an archaean

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

creating receptor proteins

Where are the ribosomes that produce enzymes responsible for the first steps of sugar metabolism found?

cytoplasm

Where would you expect to find contractile proteins in a cell?

cytoskeleton

Cilia and flagella move due to energy provided by the enzymatic breakdown of ATP by _____.

dynein arms

Which of the following structures is directly involved in the passage of electrical signals between cells as, for example, in the vertebrate heart

gap junctions

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a genetic disorder in which the cilia of the respiratory tract become immobile. As a result, these individuals suffer respiratory illnesses. This is because the cells _____.

lack dynein arms

The nucleolus _____

manufactures ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be in which general functional category of organelle?

manufacturing

the cell junctions in plant cells that provide channels between adjacent cells are generally _____.

plasmodesmata

In plants, _____ are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as _____.

plasmodesmata ... gap junctions

Pancreatic cells secrete lots of proteins. With this in mind, which of the following organelles would be especially abundant in pancreatic cells

rough endoplasmic reticulum

In muscle cells, the _____ is/are specialized for the storage and release of calcium

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

When isolated liver cells are combined with toxins, initial processing in the _____ increases the solubility of those compounds as an initial step in their excretion

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The term resolving power refers to _____.

the clarity of the image in showing two objects as separate