biology chapter 4
what do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common
They are constructed of interrelated membranes
the membranous compartmentalization of a cell
allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell
Lysosomes are found in
animal cells
In the plasma membrane the phospholipid heads
are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane
Mitochondria are found in
both plant cells and animal cells
Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.
breakdown of fatty acids
What is a typical function of lysosomes
breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria
the function of mitochondria is
cellular respiration
what are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not
chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall
Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.
chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles
Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.
chloroplasts; mitochondria
The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called
chromatin
During cell reproduction chromatin fibers coil up into structures called
chromosomes
Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria
contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana
The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell
contains the cell's DNA
which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome
the _________ builds compounds, whereas the _________ breaks things down.
endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome
bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they
lack a nucleus
Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and not in most plant cells
lysosome
which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion
lysosome
The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of
membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.
Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers and cells that are
metabolically active
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of
microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments
Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells
nucleoid
The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the
nucleus
The function of chloroplast is
photosynthesis
Nucleus is found in
plant and animal cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is found in
plant and animal cells
Chloroplast is found in
plant cells
cell walls are found in
plant cells
Chloroplast are found in
plants and some protists
Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .
plasma membrane; cell wall
which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell
presence of a cell wall
contractile vacuoles
prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water
______ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus
prokaryotic
the skin is the body's largest organ. it's made up of many different types of cells. oils produced by the sebaceous glands prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. sweat release through ducts to the skin surface helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles depending on their function based on their function you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of
ribosomes
the skin is the body's largest organ. it's made up of many different types of cells. oils produced by the sebaceous glands prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. sweat release through ducts to the skin surface helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles depending on their function. The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
stores calcium ions in muscle cells
what is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane
the finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
To enter or leave any cell substances must pass through
the plasma membrane
The function of the nucleolus is
to manufacture ribosomal RNA
which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic
whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes
