biology chapter 4

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what do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common

They are constructed of interrelated membranes

the membranous compartmentalization of a cell

allows different chemical conditions to be maintained in different parts of the cell

Lysosomes are found in

animal cells

In the plasma membrane the phospholipid heads

are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells

Peroxisomes are organelles that are involved in the _____.

breakdown of fatty acids

What is a typical function of lysosomes

breaking down of damaged organelles, such as mitochondria

the function of mitochondria is

cellular respiration

what are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not

chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ________ and ________. Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ________.

chloroplasts; cell walls; centrioles

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP.

chloroplasts; mitochondria

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

chromatin

During cell reproduction chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

chromosomes

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria

contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell

contains the cell's DNA

which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell

endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

the _________ builds compounds, whereas the _________ breaks things down.

endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell, they

lack a nucleus

Which of the following organelles is found only in animal cells and not in most plant cells

lysosome

which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion

lysosome

The main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is the production of

membrane and proteins secreted by the cell.

Mitochondria appear in the greatest numbers and cells that are

metabolically active

The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of

microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells

nucleoid

The genetic center of the eukaryotic cell is the

nucleus

The function of chloroplast is

photosynthesis

Nucleus is found in

plant and animal cells

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is found in

plant and animal cells

Chloroplast is found in

plant cells

cell walls are found in

plant cells

Chloroplast are found in

plants and some protists

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ .

plasma membrane; cell wall

which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell

presence of a cell wall

contractile vacuoles

prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water

______ cells lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus

prokaryotic

the skin is the body's largest organ. it's made up of many different types of cells. oils produced by the sebaceous glands prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. sweat release through ducts to the skin surface helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles depending on their function based on their function you would expect melanocytes in the skin to have a higher than usual number of

ribosomes

the skin is the body's largest organ. it's made up of many different types of cells. oils produced by the sebaceous glands prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. sweat release through ducts to the skin surface helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles depending on their function. The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

stores calcium ions in muscle cells

what is the relationship between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane

the finished products of the Golgi apparatus may leave the cell through vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

To enter or leave any cell substances must pass through

the plasma membrane

The function of the nucleolus is

to manufacture ribosomal RNA

which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic

whether or not the cell is partitioned into compartments by internal membranes


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