Science Energy Review
True or False: A disadvantage of Nuclear Energy is that uranium is non-renewable
True
True or False: A disadvantage of solar is that it is unreliable.
True
True or False: An advantage of Biomass is that it does not release as much CO2 as fossil fuels.
True
All energy resources have benefits, risks, and drawbacks. Which two resources present the most dangerous risks and consequences for the environment during their acquisition? A oil and coal B coal and solar energy C geothermal energy and oil D solar energy and geothermal energy
a
Just under half the oil that enters ocean water comes from natural oil seeps on the ocean floor. Just over half the oil in the oceans comes from human activities. Which human activity contributes the most oil to the oceans? A transporting oil over the ocean surface B drilling for oil on the ocean floor C polluting land with oil that reaches the oceans in runoff D polluting air with oil that reaches the ocean in precipitation
a
One study indicates that each individual in the United States produces about 2 kg of solid waste per day. That figure is up from about 1.2 kg in 1960. Which is most responsible for the increase? A more packaging B denser solid waste C more electronic devices D increased food consumption
a
The cost of a kilowatt hour of which kind of alternative energy is most likely to increase in the coming decades? A hydroelectric B biomass C solar D wind
a
The engineering team that is designing a scientific research station on the Arctic permafrost has to provide the station with energy for cooking, heating, and lighting. Considering the fragile environment and other conditions there, the best choice is probably to A build a wind turbine. B have fuel trucked in. C have a pipeline built. D build a solar collector.
a
Which of these methods of energy resource acquisition has the least effect on the lithosphere? A surface mining for uranium B pumping oil from under water C harvesting wood by selective cutting D collecting natural gas from old oil wells
c
Which renewable energy resource possesses the greatest potential for providing renewable energy to meet the future needs of the southern United States? A tidal B water C solar D coal
c
Which renewable resource would be least affected by increasing global temperatures? A hydropower B wind energy C geothermal power D biomass energy
c
Why would scientists conduct investigations on a newly discovered alternative fuel? A to maintain the public dependence on fossil fuels B to maintain the success of the petroleum industry C to confirm that the alternative fuel is cleaner than fuels currently used D to confirm that the alternative fuel increases atmospheric carbon dioxide
c
n the carbon cycle ____________ is released into the atmosphere through cellular respiration. A Oxygen B Dihydrogen Oxide C Carbon Dioxide D Carbon Monoxide
c
How is the changing balance of cost to benefits helping to speed the development of hybrid motor vehicles that utilize both gas and electrical motors? A Gasoline motor vehicles are reaching higher top speeds. B Hybrid motor vehicles are developed with less powerful engines. C Gasoline motor vehicles are being designed with improved mileage. D Hybrid motor vehicles are getting cheaper as the price of gasoline increases.
d
Some used car oil was put in a container to take to a mechanic for proper disposal. The used oil is disposed of this way so that A the oil can be reused in other cars. B the total amount of oil used by car owners will not increase. C impurities in the oil can be studied to improve car engine design. D the oil can be recycled to protect the environment.
d
The main disadvantage of using solar energy to generate electricity is that solar panels A produce greenhouse gases. B produce water pollution. C are expensive to operate. D are expensive to purchase
d
The table below shows the sources of oil in ocean water. ____________________________________________ Source of Oil Percentage Runoff from land 11% Transportation—Normal operations 24.1% Transportation—Accidental spills 9.8% Extraction of crude oil 2.9% Air pollution 4.3% Natural seeps 47.3% Jettisoned fuel from airplanes 0.6% _____________________________________________ Approximately what percentage of oil in ocean water can be attributed to resource acquisition and transportation? A 13% B 27% C 34% D 37%
d
what is hydrogen fuel?
liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen that is converted electrical energy.
What are the Phase 3 extensions?
"Gulf Coast Extension" Extension to Port Arthur, Texas Extension to Houston, Texas
What is the Phase 4 extension?
"Keystone XL" Would have a shorter route than Phase I but through Baker, Montana
What act was passed in 1970?
Clean Air Act
What act was passed in 1972?
Clean Water Act
Where is Phase 2 extended to?
Extension to Cushing, Oklahoma
True or False: A disadvantage of wave energy is that it is unreliable
False
True or False: An advantage of Fossil Fuels is that they are renewable
False
what is ethanol fuel?
Fuel made of any plant that has sugar and starch
Where is Phase 1?
Hardisty Alberta to Steel City, Nebraska to Roxanna, Illinois to Pakota, Illinois
Why is the phase 4 extension controversial?
It goes through native american lands and could leak into and pollute major water sources
Where does the Keystone Pipeline start and end?
It starts in Alberta, Canada and ends in Steel City, Nebraska
What treaty was passed in 1997?
Kyoto Protocol
What treaty was passed in 1989?
Montreal Protocol
Where does the Colonial Pipeline start and end?
Starts in Houston,Texas ends in New York Harbor
Wave energy from the ocean can be harnessed to power generators to make electricity. Energy from ocean tides can also be used to make electricity. How would you categorize these two sources of energy? A Both are renewable. B Both are nonrenewable. C Wave energy is nonrenewable. Tidal energy is renewable. D Wave energy is renewable. Tidal energy is nonrenewable.
a
What type of elements generally undergo nuclear fusion? A Those with a light atomic mass. B Those with a heavy atomic mass. C Those that contain carbon. D Those with extra electrons
a
Which is true of energy resource acquisition? A Renewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth's surface. Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth's surface. B Nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth's surface. Renewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth's surface. C Both renewable resources and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired below Earth's surface. D Both renewable resources and nonrenewable resources are mostly acquired above Earth's surface.
a
Wind farms are clusters of wind turbines used to produce electricity. Often wind farms sell the electricity they produce to utility companies. New technologies have recently decreased the cost of producing electricity from wind. Which is a potential benefit of making this source of energy more affordable? A It allows individuals to use wind energy to power their homes. B It causes individuals to seek other non-renewable energy sources. C It enables government agencies to regulate wind power generators. D It encourages public utility companies to raise the cost of electricity.
a
what is a hybrid?
a car with a gasoline engine and an electric motor, each of which can propel it.
what is nuclear fusion?
a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles
Ethanol is an alternative fuel made from corn. What is one of the unfavorable effects of using ethanol as a fuel? A decreased cost of fuel production B decrease in farm land available for food production C increase in the consumption of fossil fuels D increased carbon footprint from driving automobiles
b
Most of the trash in the United States is currently disposed of in one of three ways: 32.5% is recycled or composted 12.5% is incinerated 55% is put into landfills Which change would decrease the ecological footprint of a town most? A increases in recycling and incineration and a decrease in landfill use B an increase in recycling and decreases in incineration and landfill use C decreases in recycling and landfill use and an increase in incineration D a decrease in recycling and increases in incineration and landfill use
b
Recent research has led to the development of solar-powered vehicles. Solar vehicles use panels that collect sun rays that are then converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. The electricity is stored in a battery that runs the car. Which is the most likely reason for developing this type of transportation technology? A Solar cars are practical for daily commuters. B Solar cars have an inexhaustible energy source. C Solar cars are safer to operate than standard vehicles. D Solar cars are less expensive to construct than standard vehicles.
b
The process of injecting liquid at high pressure into subterranean rocks so as to force open existing fissures and extract oil or gas. A Carbon Capture and Storage B Fracking C Fission D Deep Rock Turbine
b
What do the energy resources uranium and coal have in common? A They both are formed from the remains of dead organisms. B They both are acquired by mining the lithosphere. C They both release energy through combustion. D They both generate radioactive wastes.
b
Which human activity most likely contributes to the solid waste pollution in streams and landfills? A using natural fertilizers on lawns B buying products packaged in disposable containers C combining leaves and grass clippings with paper products to use in composting D recycling glass, paper, and aluminum products
b
Electric cars are expensive to own, and recharging stations are not readily available. Unlike cars that run on fossil fuels, electric cars produce no carbon monoxide when being driven. Which of the following best explains why people choose to use this technology? A The technology is a scientific advancement. B Electric cars store energy in batteries. C The technology is environmentally friendly. D Everyone is getting an electric car.
c
Photovoltaic cells capture photons of sunlight and transform them directly into electricity. Many of Earth's other energy resources are simply transformed solar energy. Which two energy resources store energy that did not begin as solar energy? A oil and coal B wind and wood C nuclear and geothermal D hydropower and natural gas
c
Scientists discovered controlling the alignment of photosensitive molecules used in organic solar cells will lead to a more efficient conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. Which statement best illustrates the impact of this discovery on the environment? A It furthered the awareness of chemical pollutants. B It increased the interest to conserve energy. C It decreased the usage of fossil fuels. D It lowered the cost of producing electrical energy.
c
What is an environmental threat posed by oil and gas acquisition and transport that is not posed by the acquisition and transport of the energy resources uranium, and wood? A habitat change B vehicle pollution C pipeline leaks D soil compaction and loss
c
What is nuclear fission?
the process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts