Biology, Chapter 4 - Multiple Choice

Which substance is broken down during the process of glycolysis? a. carbon b. NAD+ c. glucose d. pyruvic acid

C

Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately... a. 2 ATP molecules. b. 4 ATP molecules. c. 32 ATP molecules. d. 36 ATP molecules.

D

The Krebs cycle does NOT occur if.. a. oxygen is present. b. oxygen is not present. c. glycolysis occurs. d. carbon dioxide is present.

B

During cellular respiration, which of the following are released as byproducts? a. CO2 and O2 b. H2O and O2 c. O2 and H2O d. CO2 and H2O

D

In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by... a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcoholic fermentation. c. photosynthesis d. the Krebs cycle

D

Using Figure 9-1, which pairing matches the structures shown in the cell diagrams with the processes that take place within those structures? a. A: photosynthesis; B: cellular respiration b. C: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration c. D: photosynthesis; E: cellular respiration *d. E: photosynthesis; D: cellular respiration

D

Which of the following is NOT a product of glycolysis? a. NADH b. pyruvic acid c. ATP d. glucose

D

Which of the following organisms perform cellular respiration? a. only C b. only A and C c. only B and D d. all of the above

D

The process carried out by yeast that causes bread dough to rise is... a. alcoholic fermentation b. lactic acid fermentation c. cellular respiration d. yeast mitosis

A

Glycolysis requires... a. ATP b. oxygen c. sunlight d. NADP+

A

In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the... a. inner mitochondrial membrane b. nucleus c. cell membrane d. cytoplasm

A

Which substance is needed to begin the process of glycolysis? a. ATP b. NADP c. pyruvic acid d. carbon dioxide

A

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down... *a. food molecules b. ATP c. carbon dioxide d. water

A

What process do the arrows for oxygen going in and water coming out represent in the Figure 9-2 diagram of the mitochondria? a. electron transport b. fermentation c. glycolysis d. the Krebs cycle

A

Which of these processes takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell? a. glycolysis b. electron transport c. Krebs cycle d. photosynthesis

A

All of the following are sources of energy for humans during exercise EXCEPT... a. stored ATP b. alcoholic fermentation c. lactic acid fermentation d. cellular respiration

B

The net gain of energy from glycolysis is... a. 4 ATP molecules b. 2 ATP molecules c. 8 ATP molecules d. 3 pyruvic acid molecules

B

The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is... a. synthesis b. cellular respiration c. ATP synthase d. photosynthesis

B

The products of photosynthesis are the... a. products of cellular respiration b. reactants of cellular respiration c. products of glycolysis d. reactants of fermentation

B

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration? a. glucose and carbon dioxide b. glucose and oxygen c. carbon dioxide and oxygen d. oxygen and lactic acid

B

Which of these is a product of cellular respiration? a. oxygen *b. water c. glucose d. lactic acid

B

Which process does NOT release energy from glucose? a. glycolysis *b. photosynthesis c. fermentation d. cellular respiration

B

During heavy exercise, the build-up of lactic acid in muscle cells results in a. cellular respiration b. oxygen debt c. fermentation d. the Krebs cycle

C

In eukaryotic cells, MOST of cellular respiration takes place in the a. nuclei b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d. cell walls

C

During fermentation... a. NAD+ is regenerated, allowing glycolysis to continue. b. glucose is split into 3 pyruvic acid molecules. c. oxygen is required. d. carbon dioxide is produced.

A

Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of... a. 2 ATP molecules b. 4 ATP molecules c. 18 ATP molecules d. 36 ATP molecules

A

In the Krebs cycle, the carbon atoms in a three-carbon molecule are released in... a. one molecule of water b. three molecules of oxygen c. three molecules of carbon dioxide d. one molecule of glucose

A

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration? *a. 6O2 + C6H12O6 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy b. 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy > 6CO2 + 6H2O c. 6CO2 + 6H2O > 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy d. 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy > 6O2 + C6H12O6

A

When the body needs to exercise for longer than 90 seconds, it generates ATP by carrying out... a. lactic acid fermentation b. alcoholic fermentation c. cellular respiration d. glycolysis

A

Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? *a. fermentation b. electron transport c. glycolysis d. Krebs cycle

A

Which of the following is an aerobic process? a. the Krebs cycle b. glycolysis c. alcoholic fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation

A

Which of the following is an electron carrier that plays a role in cellular respiration? a. NAD+ b. pyruvic acid c. NADP+ d. ATP

A

Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? a. NADH and FADH2 b. ATP and ADP c. citric acid d. acetyl-CoA

A

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be... a. aerobic b. anaerobic c. cyclic d. oxygen-rich

B

Breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of... a. making more citric acid b. repaying an oxygen debt c. restarting glycolysis d. stopping the electron transport chain

B

Cell use the energy available in food to make a final energy-rich compound called... a. water b. glucose c. ATP d. ADP

B

Each gram of glucose contains approximately how much energy? a. 1 Calorie b. 4 Calories

B

High-energy electrons that move down the electron transport chain ultimately provide the energy needed to... a. transport water molecules across the membrane b. convert ADP molecules into ATP molecules c. convert carbon dioxide into water molecules d. break down glucose into pyruvic acid molecules

B

Plants cannot release energy from glucose using... a. glycolysis b. photosynthesis c. the Krebs cycle d. cellular respiration

B

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to... a. produce glucose b. move H+ ions across the inner mitochondrion membrane. c. convert acetyl-CoA to citric acid d. convert glucose to pyruvic acid

B

The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is known as... a. fermentation b. glycolysis c. the Krebs cycle d. electron transport

B

Which of the following is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes? a. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy b. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back c. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back d. Photosynthesis consumes glucose, and cellular respiration produces glucose

B

Which statement mainly explains why even well-conditioned athletes have to pace themselves for athletic events that last several hours? a. Lactic acid fermentation can cause muscle soreness. b. Heavy breathing is needed to get rid of lactic acid. c. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation does. d. Alcoholic fermentation produces carbon dioxide.

B

How do organisms get the energy they need? a. by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat b. by breathing oxygen into the lungs and combijning it with carbon dioxide *c. by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy d. by using the sun's energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals

C

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in.. a. bread dough b. any environment containing oxygen c. muscle cells d. mitochondria

C

Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to... a. chloroplasts b. cytoplasm c. mitochondria d. nuclei

C

The Krebs cycle produces... a. oxygen b. lactic acid c. carbon dioxide d. glucose

C

The Krebs cycle takes place within the... a. chloroplast b. nucleus c. mitochondrion d. cytoplasm

C

The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process? a. lactic acid fermentation b. glycolysis c. alcoholic fermentation d. the Krebs cycle

C

The energy needed to win a 1-minute footrace is produced mostly by.. a. lactic acid fermentation b. cellular respiration c. using up stores of ATP d. breaking down fats

C

The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is directly used to a. make lactic acid b. make citric acid c. transport H+ ions d. split water molecules

C

The two main types of fermentation are called... a. alcoholic and aerobic. b. aerobic and anaerobic. c. alcoholic and lactic acid. d. lactic acid and anaerobic.

C

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? a. oxygen and lactic acid b. carbon dioxide and water *c. glucose and oxygen d. water and glucose

C

When microorganisms in milk produce acid under certain conditions, yogurt results. Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a. the Krebs cycle b. photosynthesis c. alcoholic fermentation d. lactic acid fermentation

C

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration? a. glycolysis > fermentation > Krebs cycle b. Krebs cycle > electron transport > glycolysis *c. glycolysis > Krebs cycle > electron transport d. Krebs cycle > glycolysis > electron transport

C

During the Krebs cycle... a. hydrogen ions and oxygen form water. b. the cell releases a small amount of energy through fermentation. c. each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. d. pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of reactions.

D

The conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid requires... a. alcohol b. oxygen c. ATP d. NADH

D

The human body can use all of the following as energy sources EXCEPT... a. ATP molecules b. glycolysis c. lactic acid fermentation d. alcoholic fermentation

D

The starting molecule for glycolysis is... a. ADP b. pyruvic acid c. citric acid d. glucose

D

The starting molecule for the Krebs cycle is... a. glucose b. NADH c. pyruvic acid d. coenzyme A

D

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in... a. animal cells only b. plant cells only c. prokaryotic cells only d. all eukaryotic cells

D

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires... a. light b. exercise *c. oxygen d. glucose

C

Which organism is NOT likely to carry out cellular respiration? a. cypress tree b. button mushroom *c. anaerobic bacterium d. Siberian tiger

C

If you want to control your weight, how long should you exercise aerobically each time that you exercise? a. at least 90 seconds b. less than 15 minutes c. 15 to 20 minutes d. more than 20 minutes

D