Biology chapter 7 test

Which organelle is large in plant cells but small or absent in animal cells?

Vacuole

At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?

When there is continuous movement but concentration is equal to all parts of the cell

Which organelle is called the "powerhouse of the cell"?

Mitochondria

What are a few statements that are a fundamental principle of the cell theory?

- All cells are created from preexisting cells - Cells are the basic unit, and structure of life - All living things are composed of one or more cells

When did cell theory become an accepted part of biology?

1850s

Which movement of substances through a cell membrane against a concentration gradient requires energy?

Active transport

Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?

Carbohydrate chain

What is a protein fiber that forms the cell's supporting network?

Cytoskeleton

What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Facilitated does not require energy, and goes with the concentration gradient

How can the cytoskeleton of a cell be described?

Framework/ skeleton/ anchor for organelles

An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins that are normally found on the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?

Golgi apparatus

Which cell organelle contains coded directions for production of proteins?

Golgi apparatus

The advantage of a compound-light microscope over an electron microscope is that it ____.

It can view living organisms

What major improvement came with the development of the scanning electron microscope?

It had an image available in 3-D

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?

It will SWELL

Which structure is part of the cell's skeleton?

Microfilaments

What organelles are present only in eukaryotic cells?

Nucleus

Which scientist first used the term cell?

Robert Hooke

Why do many scientists think that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms on Earth?

They have no nucleus.

Cilia and flagella are used to move cells through watery environments. What role do these cell parts play on stationary cells?

They help stay stationary by moving substances along the surface of the cell.

Which organelle converts sugars into energy?

mitochondria

Which organelle manufactures ribosomes?

nucleolus

Which is a structure common to all cells?

plasma membrane

Which organelle produces protein for a cell?

ribosome

What defines a cell?

the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed