Biology Chapter 8 SC

How many chromosomes do bacteria have?

1

If there is abnormal growth of cells that never leaves the original tissue and has well-definied edges, it is classified as a ____________________ tumor.

Benign

You look into a microscope and see cells that growing together so each cell is touching another cell or surface. You then notice that the cells are continuing to grow on top of eachother. You would conclude that this may be a mutation in the genes that signal for (control of):

Contact inhibition

If the cells of a tumor break off and travel to a different part of the body and begin a tumor in the new location the cancer is said to

Mestastisized

The imaginary line where the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell is called the _______________.

Metaphase plate

Which two organelles duplicate themselves independently and separately from the rest of the cell cycle?

Mitochondria, Chloroplast

Which of the following disappear during telophase?

Mitotic spindle

If the chromosomes were to not line up in metaphase, would each new daughter cell have the correct number of chromosomes?

No

Which of the following has disapeared by the end of prometaphase?

Nuclear envelope

Which of the following reform during telophase?

Nuclear envelope

What would happen if the spindles did not attach to each chromosome?

The chromosomes may fail to separate

TF: Most organelles duplicate during the G1 phase in order to prepare for becoming two separate cells, both of which will need a set of organelles.

True

Are the two cells resulting from binary fission genetically identical or unique?

Unique

Purposes of mitosis

growth, cell repair/replacement, asexual reproduction

How many chromosomes are found in a human zygote?

46

How many chromosomes are present during the G1 phase in humans?

46

How many chromatids are present during the S phase in humans?

92

Cytokinesis overlaps with which two phases of the cell cycle?

Anaphase and Telophase

Are daughter cells resulting from mitosis genetically unique or identical?

Identical, they also have 46 chromosomes after splitting

How would mutations on a gene controlling the G2 checkpoint contribute to the formation of a cancer?

It would allow cells with inaccurate DNA replication to divide.

Organisms that are the result of sexual reproduction have a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent. A human somatic (body) cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are inherited from each parent?

23

The number of chromosomes correlates to the complexity of the organism. For example, a complex organism like a human will always have more chromosomes than a 'lower' organism like a tree.

False