Biology

The enzyme pepsin is found in the stomach. Which medicine is most likely to directly interfere with pepsin's function? A. A medicine that affects pH B. A medicine that blocks neural impulses C. A medicine that prevents clotting D. A medicine that lowers cholesterol levels

A. A medicine that affects pH

Which statement best describes tyrosine, valine, and proline going from individual monomers to being joined together by peptide bonds in a biological reaction? A. Amino acid monomers are joining together to form a protein macromolecule. B. Lipid molecules are forming fatty acid chains in a dehydration synthesis reaction. C. Glucose is being synthesized in the chloroplast using nitrogen from plants. D. A polymer in the nucleus is being broken into its individual monomer subunits.

A. Amino acid monomers are joining together to form a protein macromolecule.

Which process uses the products of photosynthesis as reactants? A. Cellular respiration B. DNA replication C. Protein synthesis D. Active transport

A. Cellular respiration

Which transport mechanisms require the formation of a vesicle to transport material into or out of the cell? A. Exocytosis and endocytosis B. Diffusion and osmosis C. Diffusion and facilitated diffusion D. Exocytosis and calcium pumps

A. Exocytosis and endocytosis

Which statement describes one difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells. B. Mitosis produces four daughter cells, and meiosis produces two diploid cells. C. Mitosis produces haploid cells, and meiosis produces somatic cells. D. Mitosis produces sex cells, and meiosis produces diploid cells.

A. Mitosis produces two daughter cells, and meiosis produces four daughter cells.

Which statement best describes how antibiotics affect cellular homeostasis? A. Antibiotics remove chloroplasts from plant cells to cause starvation. B. Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials. C. Antibiotics increase the rate of DNA replication in human cells by forming nucleotides. D. Antibiotics decrease the rate of cellular respiration in animal cells by producing oxygen.

B. Antibiotics interfere with the transport of intracellular and extracellular materials.

Which characteristic allows carbon to form chains and rings with other carbon atoms? A. Carbon has several forms. B. Carbon can form four covalent bonds. C. Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe. D. Carbon is the structural part of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

B. Carbon can form four covalent bonds.

Life functions are preformed at many levels of biological organization. Which level of biological organization is the simplest level at which a structure can support life functions? A. Organ system B. Cell C. Tissue D. Organ

B. Cell

Plant cells use sunlight to make their own food. Which structure allows plant cells to perform this function? A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. Mitochondrion D. Vacuole

B. Chloroplast

Which statement best explains why cellular respiration in plants and other organisms is dependent on photosynthesis? A. Photosynthesis absorbs excess energy produced by cellular respiration. B. Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration. C. Photosynthesis absorbs materials that are catalyzed during cellular respiration. D. Photosynthesis is one of the final steps in cellular respiration.

B. Photosynthesis provides the materials that fuel cellular respiration.

1. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both involve water. 2. Cellular respiration uses sugar, and photosynthesis produces sugar. 3. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis both use light to produce energy. 4. Cellular respiration requires light energy, and photosynthesis requires chemical energy. Which two statements correctly describe one similarity and one difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A. Statements 3 and 4 B. Statements 1 and 2 C. Statements 2 and 3 D. Statements 1 and 4

B. Statements 1 and 2

Which statement best explains why nerve cells and red blood cells have structural differences? A. One of the cells develops into the other type of cell. B. The cells have different functions. C. The cells evolved in different organisms. D. One of the cells is more primitive than the other cell.

B. The cells have different functions.

Many plants have a waxy coating on their leaves. Which statement best describes the most likely structure and function of the waxy coating? A. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help absorb more sunlight in hot environments. B. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments. C. The waxy coating is a protein that can help attract other organisms for pollination. D. The waxy coating is a protein that can help release waste molecules during transpiration.

B. The waxy coating is a lipid that can help prevent excess water loss in dry environments.

Which statement describes the formation of a protein molecule? A. Amino acids dissolve monomers to form a protein chain. B. Fatty acid monomers combine to form a protein chain. C. Amino acids combine to form a protein chain. D. Fatty acid monomers dissolve to form a protein chain.

C. Amino acids combine to form a protein chain.

Which statement is true for all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms? A. Both types of organisms transform energy from sunlight into chemical energy. B. Both types of organisms are made of cells, tissues, and organs that work together. C. Both types of organisms assemble proteins through transcriptions and translation. D. Both types of organisms have DNA contained with a nucleus as genetic material.

C. Both types of organisms assemble proteins through transcriptions and translation.

Which characteristic of life is best shown by a diagram of a butterfly's life cycle? A. DNA is the genetic code in an organism. B. An organism responds to changes in its environment. C. Changes occur in an organism as it grows and develops. D. An organism is made of one or more cells.

C. Changes occur in an organism as it grows and develops.

Which of the following is a property of water that allows a water strider to walk on the surface of water? A. Low freezing point B. Solubility C. Cohesion D. High specific heat

C. Cohesion

The function of which human organ is most like the cell walls of bacteria? A. Heart B. Pancreas C. Skin D. Liver

C. Skin

Which action is prevented by the cell membrane? A. Unlimited flow of heat into or out of the cell B. The flow of light into or out of the cell C. Unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell D. The flow of oxygen into or out of the cell

C. Unlimited flow of water into or out of the cell

Which statement best describes a relationship between mitochondria and chloroplasts? A. Chloroplasts release chemical energy from molecules and store it in mitochondria. B. Mitochondria release chemical energy from molecules and store it in chloroplasts. C. Mitochondria convert chemical energy into light energy that can be used by chloroplasts. D. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

D. Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy that can be used by mitochondria.

A jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. Which characteristic of life is best described by this example? A. Energy use B. Growth C. Organization D. Homeostasis

D. Homeostasis

What is most likely the purpose of a protein that is part of the cell membrane? A. It releases stored chemical energy in membrane carbohydrates. B. It attracts unbalanced electrical charges in the cell's environment. C. It manufactures phospholipids to repair membrane damage. D. It allows the passage of particles into and out of the cell.

D. It allows the passage of particles into and out of the cell.

Cellulose is a carbohydrate and a polymer of glucose. Which statement best describes how cellulose is formed within living organisms? A. It is the result of a physical change that alters the shape of a compound. B. It is the product of the decomposition of a much larger molecule. C. It is assembled by bonding individual atoms. D. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

D. It is constructed by connecting smaller monomer subunits.

Which statement best describes how active transport differs from passive transport? A. Only active transport allows substances to leave a cell. B. Only active transport relies on a plasma membrane. C. Only active transport moves small particles. D. Only active transport requires ATP.

D. Only active transport requires ATP.

Functions of a cell structure • Allows waste to exit the cell • Allows chemicals required for cellular respiration to enter the cell • Regulates movement of water into and out of the cell The functions of which cell structure are described in the list? A. Mitochondria B. Lysosome C. The endoplasmic reticulum D. Plasma membrane

D. Plasma membrane