Biology EOC Review

A new predator of rabbits has been introduced within an ecosystem. This new predator runs faster than the native predators of rabbits. Which statement describes what will most likely occur in the rabbit population due to the introduction of the predator?

Faster rabbits will survive and reproduce increasing the average speed of the rabbit population.

The aye-aye lemur is a mammal that feeds mostly on insect larvae that live inside trees. The aye-aye lemur has a specialized middle finger that is long and thin. The aye-aye lemur moves along a tree branch and taps the branch with its specialized finger. Which selective pressure most likely resulted in the development of the aye-aye lemur's special adaptation?

Food sources that are hard to find

When cells lose their ability to regulate the cell cycle, they can divide at an accelerated rate and form a mass of cells. This mass of cells is referred to as --

A tumor

In 1898 Fredrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch found evidence that the cause of a highly contagious hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock was a microscopic infectious particle. It was discovered that this particle requires a host cell to reproduce. Which pathogen is most likely responsible for causing hoof-and-mouth disease in livestock?

A virus, because it requires a host cell to reproduce

The populations of which organisms will most likely increase as a result of a disease that suddenly reduced the population of Texas horned lizards?

Ants and grasshoppers

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop. Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same type of cells?

Because internal and external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

In a study of physical endurance, researchers observed significant increases in the heart rates and breathing rates of participants immediately after they engaged in strenuous exercise. Which statement best explains the increase in the heart rate and the breathing rate during exercise?

Body cells require increased oxygen as energy is expended

Which of these describes the similar functions of capsids and nuclear membranes?

Both protect genetic information for the structures.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence. How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

By activating or deactivating specific genes

Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?

Cytosine and guanine

Mice have two unlinked allele pairs that affect fur color. The table shows how allele pairs affect fur color. The term "agouti" describes fur with pigmentation that changes in each hair from the shaft to the tip, giving the fur a banded appearance. Mice with the aa allele pair ware albino, regardless of the second allele-pair combination. What is the probability of albinism in the offspring of a cross between two mice with AaBb alleles?

4/16

A segment of DNA is shown. 3' AGGTCAGGT 5' Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

5' TCCAGTCCA 3'

Gametes produced by an organism contain a combination of genes from that organism. In every gamete, this combination is--

Different due to independent assortment during meiosis

Which answer choice best describes a community?

Different species of lizards occupying the same niche in a desert.

A team of students encounters an unknown organism in a field while conducting a biodiversity study. Some students think the organism is a plant, while others think it is a fungus. Which question should the students investigate to classify the organism correctly?

Does the organism perform photosynthesis?

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

Exposure to the building material asbestos has been linked to certain types of cancers. Asbestos causes mutations in the p53 gene, which controls tumor suppression. Which statement best explains why people with cancer due to asbestos exposure do not pass the mutation on to their offspring?

The mutation occurred in somatic cells

Gibberellins are hormones produced in the root tips of plants. The plant uses these hormones to stimulate the growth of shoots. How are gibberellins able to affect other parts of the plant?

Gibberellins are transported through vascular tissues to other parts of the plant.

White-tailed deer are seasonal breeders. Female white-tailed deer begin their reproductive cycle in the fall. Rising testosterone levels in male white-tailed deer cause them to start their breeding season around the same time. Offspring are born the following spring and summer. What is the most likely explanation for white-tailed deer having a seasonal breeding cycle instead of a monthly breeding cycle like many domesticated animals?

Giving birth only in the spring and summer ensures that offspring are born when food is most available.

Which two fish have eyes located on either side of their head and are not spotted?

Glassy sweeper and squirrelfish

What would be the most likely effect of a wildfire that burned a large area of a forest?

Less carbon dioxide would be removed from the atmosphere in the area by plants.

What is a result of preventing spindle fibers from forming?

Mitotic division stops in metaphase and cannot proceed to anaphase.

The fuzzy millipede, Polyxenus fasciculatus, is found in Texas and is preyed upon by most species of ants. To protect itself against the ants, it ejects fibers from a tuft located at the tail end of its body. The tufts have hooks at the tips and barbs along their length that lock and interlink with the ant's setae, small hairs that cover the body of the ant. When an ant attacks, the millipede flexes its back end toward the ant and wipes the tufts against it. As the ant attempts to remove the tufts, it entangles itself more, becoming immobilized. Which two systems most directly interact in the fuzzy millipede's defense against ants?

Muscular and integumentary

Which four body systems interact to allow a person to sneeze?

Muscular, immune, nervous, respiratory

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

Which role of protists has the most positive effect on maintaining the plant population in an ecosystem?

Protists decompose dead materials, returning nutrients to the soil.

The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spends most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin. Which list describes the types of relationships the sunfish has with other marine organisms?

Seabirds: mutualism Jellyfish: Predation Copepods: Parasitism

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.

Which of the following shows two steps of DNA replication?

Step 1: DNA Polymerase matches adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine. Step 2: Two identical DNA double helixes are produced.

Grassland ecosystems in Texas have evolved to depend on periodic fires to return nutrients to the soil and encourage plant reproduction. Humans have prevented fires in many of these grassland areas, resulting in plant and animal communities with little diversity. Wildlife biologists often recommend purposefully starting fires called prescribed burns, which are monitored and controlled, in grassland ecosystems every 3 to 4 years. These biologists observe greater diversity in plant and animal life in the years following a prescribed burn. What natural processes are the biologists attempting to imitate?

Succession

Conservation biologists studying cheetah populations have determined that the lack of genetic diversity among the cheetahs is due to genetic drift. Which statement explains the most likely consequence of having a low genetic diversity on the cheetah population?

The cheetah population becomes less likely to survive an outbreak of a disease or an environmental change, increasing the chance of species extinction.

Based on this diagram, which two systems interact to maintain homeostasis?

The circulatory and endocrine systems work together to keep blood sugar levels constant.

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

During secondary succession, which of these best describes why decomposing pioneer plants give way to larger, more complex plants species, such as hardwood trees?

Increased amounts of soil from decomposing pioneer species allow plants with more extensive root systems to become established.

Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?

Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river.

Male guppies found in areas without predators are more colorful than the ones found in locations with large predator populations. A population of adult guppies originating from an area with a large number of predators is transferred to a nearby area with few predators. Which of these is most likely to happen over a few generations?

There will be an increase in the number of colorful guppies.

Many tree frog populations are threatened due to habitat loss. In an effort to promote conservation, tree frogs may be bred in captivity. A zoo acquired male and female tree frogs from two different populations. In the zoo, the tree frogs were able to successfully mate within their own population, but breeding attempts between the two populations were unsuccessful. Based on this information, which statement correctly describes the relationship between the two populations of tree frogs?

They are in the same genus but different species.

Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

Thymine, and adenine.

Transmembrane proteins span the width of cell membranes. Four types of transmembrane proteins are shown in the section of cell membrane. Although these proteins have different specific functions, they all -

help the cell interact with its external environment

Some species of millipedes will roll into a ball when threatened, while other species of millipedes can secrete noxious chemicals from their bodies. These adaptations allow the millipedes to --

avoid different types of predators