BIOLOGY EOC REVIEW

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?

A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

A food chain is illustrated below: The arrows represented as most likely indicate

A. Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat.

The diagram below shows a cross section of a plant leaf.How does the structure marked X contribute to the survival of the plant?

A. It allows the intake of gases necessary for photosynthesis.

How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?

A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.

look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. Which of the following best describes the type of transport across the cell membrane?

A. active transport

Jake conducted an experiment with four bean plants. They were placed next to one another on a sunny windowsill. He gave each plant equal amounts of different types of water. The plants were given tap water, distilled water, flavored water, or carbonated water. He made the following observations after three weeks. Based on his results, Jake concluded that tap water is not good for plants. How can Jake change his experimental design to improve the validity of his results?

A. carry out multiple trials, and increase the number of plants that are given each type of water

Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants.Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?

A. enzyme

Angel was trying to explain carrying capacity to her mother. Which of the following descriptions is accurate? Carrying capacity is:

A. the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can sustain.

The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms.What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?

A.Enzyme

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels.The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

A.It becomes inactive.

The diagram below represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

B. 2

On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year.Which of the following most likely describes the birthrate and the death rate for this population?

B. Birthrate and death rate are close to equal.

Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cells: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?

B. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.

Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. Stomata are surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in plants?

B. Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf.

Part of a desert food web is diagrammed below.Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem?

B. Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease.

In living organisms, lipids function mainly as: Study the diagram below of the cell membrane.

B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes

Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

B. lipid

Competition between two species occurs when:

Chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflower seeds in a garden

Which statement describes the role of flowers in plant survival?

D. Flowers contain cells that produce gametes.

The water cycle would not occur if which of the following were missing?

D. solar energy

Changes in an ecosystem over a long period of time are shown in the diagram below.These changes will most likely lead to a:

A. stable ecosystem that can last for many years

The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to

A. reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.

Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What properties of water allow it to be such a versatile solvent?

B. polarity and cohesion

The diagram below shows a monomer of a macromolecule. Which of the following macromolecules contains these monomers?

B. proteins

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called:

B. semi-permeable

Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic

C. 3 only

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

A. ribosome - protein synthesis

Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?

A. root tips

If several species of carnivores are removed from an ecosystem, the most likely effect on the ecosystem will be:

C. A decrease in stability among populations

Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?

D. carbon dioxide

The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?A. All cells contain a nucleus.

A. All cells contain a nucleus.

The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?

A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.

When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true?

A. Growth and immigration rate is equal to death and emigration rate.

A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the graph?

A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.

Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, predict how the enzyme might be affected?

A. It would break down the meat more slowly.

When fertilizers run off farmland into streams and ponds, the nitrogen content of the water increases. This can lead to rapid growth of algae. How can this process affect other organisms in the water?

A. Oxygen is used up as algae is decomposed, reducing the amount available to other organisms

Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromthymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color?

A. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis.

The diagram below shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem.The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system?

A. Producers

What is the independent variable in the experiment from question #38?

A. Solution A, B & C.

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?

A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together

The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.

An animal population decreases from 800 individuals to 600 individuals. Which of the following could explain this change in population size?

A. The population size of the animal's predator increased.

What is the main purpose of seeds in plants that have them?

A. To protect and distribute the zygote.

Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute moleculeson each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?

A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.

Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A. cellular respiration --> co2--> photosynthesis--> o2

The presence of wastes, such as plastic bags and motor oil, in lakes and streams miles away from developed areas suggests that:

A. ecosystems are interconnected and human action can alter ecosystem equilibrium.

Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks.

A. hypotonic, hypertonic

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

Which of the following macromolecule is not identified on the cell membrane above?

A. nucleotide

Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following?

A. polymers of smaller subunits

The Florida Panther was once considered to be a subspecies of cougars and given a special trinomial taxonomy of Puma concolor coryi. Current scientists however, have studied the Florida Panther and removed the subspieces classification to only Puma concolor. Which of the following would most likely explain why the classification of the Florida Panther changed.

A.New genetic evidence suggests a much closer relationship between the Florida Panther and other cougars.

When Streptococcus pneumoniaeare exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniaeto pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

A.active transport

Which process do animals use to convert energy from food into ATP?

A.cellular respiration

A food web is shown below.Which of the following organisms compete for the mouse as a food source?

A.hawk and snake

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?

B. Only species Y is anaerobic.

Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zeamays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two bioticorganisms?

B. The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage.

Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can performvoluntary and involuntary movement. Using you knowledge aboutorganelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types ofanimal cells?

B. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells

Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

B. The organism's internal structures.

Whaling was a very profitable profession until whale populations crashed. The global community came together to enact a ban on whaling. However, Japan and Norway have not agreed to stop whaling. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of their decision?

B. The whale populations are not rebounding as quickly as they might if all of the countries agreed not to hunt whales.

Jill made the table below during her research on aquatic zones and living organisms.Based on Jill's observations, which conclusion could you draw?

B. There are no producers in the benthic zone that rely on photosynthesis.

A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

B. They are both made of one or more cells.

Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect?

B. Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.

Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria's soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened?

B. When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded

Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?

B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule

Based upon the information shown in the cladogram below, which trait would most likely be observed in ray-finned fish?

B. bony skeleton

Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. •Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment •Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell •Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes?

B. cell membrane

Which of the following structures is where photosynthesis occurs in the cell below?

B. chloroplast

Leaves fall from deciduous trees in autumn. The carbon in these leaves is returned to the atmosphere through which of the following processes?

B. decomposition

Jenn is studying a population of fish found in a pond that has a decreasing carrying capacity. Which of the following factors would not decrease the carrying capacity of her fish?

B. flooding

The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle.If many trees are removed from a forest by logging, what is the most immediate effect on the carbon cycle in that forest?

B. increase in the rates of atmospheric carbon dioxide

A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physiological adaptation would be most useful to the plant?

B. large leaves

Look at the cell membrane model below: What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

B. lipid

The pea weevil is a type of insect. The table below shows the average time it takes for peaweevil eggs to hatch at different temperatures. Based on the data, which of the following conditions would promote the highest population growth rate in pea weevils?

B. moderate summers with temperatures from 25°C to 27°C

Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a clean alternative to fossil fuels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources:

B. must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits

After a volcano erupts and destroys an ecosystem, a few organisms are able to begin growing from the decaying organic matter left behind. What do we call those first organisms that are able to grow in little or no soil that first appear?

B. pioneer species

After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic worminfection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the worm. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that:

B. the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts

The diagram below represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction. Which structure is represented by the letter A in the diagram above?

B. the pistol, a female structure which collects pollen and passes it to the ovaryC.

A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown below.Scientists are investigating the cause of the large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about 1800. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the increase?

B. use of fossil fuels by humans

One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environments is to:

B. use resources that are renewable

What function does ATP carry out in living things?

B. used to capture and transfer energy

Which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate?

B.2

What is the main function of leaves?

B.Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur

A builder is proposing a new housing development in an area of western Massachusetts. Construction of the housing development will destroy the wetland habitat in the area.Which of the following would be the most likely consequence of the wetland's destruction?

B.The populations of wetland animals would be unable to survive in that area.

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

B.cell wall

A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below.The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following?

C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of their role in the food web would be:

C. An omnivore

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

C. Cells form through spontaneous generation.

A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?

C. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules

Mushrooms are a type of fungus. What characteristic of fungi makes them different from plants?

C. Fungi are heterotrophic.

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?

C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die

Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. He then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period.Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations?

C. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

C. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.

A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.

C. The number of water molecules has increased.

A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time?

C. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis

The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?A.The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand?

C. The possum population grew to a larger size.

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain itself?

C. There are more consumers than producers.

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes?

C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.

Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?

C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.

Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person's pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person's pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen's experiment?

C. a control group

You have been studying population growth of a species of Paramecium, a single celled organism for 18 days. Your data is shown in the graph below. Food was occasionally added to the test tube in which the paramecia were grown. According to the diagram, what is the carrying capacity of the test-tube environment as long as food is added?

C. about 65 paramecia

Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as ATP as glycolysis alone?

C. aerobic respiration

What is the building block of structure G?

C. amino acids

Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis?

C. carbon dioxide and water

Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma?

C. guard cell

Which of the following structures is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell below?

C. mitochondria

Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

C. nucleic acid

Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would:

C. reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems

The diagram below shows how an area progresses over time after a forest fire. What process is illustrated by the diagram in boxes 4-8 after the forest fire?

C. secondary succession

What is the function of the macromolecule subunit below?

C. stores genetic information

Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?

C. the light microscope

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

C.moving substances against a concentration gradient

The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?

D. 4

A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?

D. A eukaryotic plant cell

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below: Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

D. Nile blue

Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?

D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins

In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Many protists are single-celled organisms, as are bacteria. However, protists and bacteria are in different biological kingdoms. Which of the following comparisons of protists and bacteria is NOT true?

D. Protists are prokaryotes, while bacteria are eukaryotes.

In 1990, Carl Woese introduced the three domain system for classifying living things, after the advancement of DNA analysis allowed for a comparison of species genetic code. Which of the following is the best explanation for why domains were added to the previous system of classification?

D. Some organisms, which were previously characterized together, were determined to be genetically very different.

A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram below. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem?

D. The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and waterfleas.

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

D. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.

Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?

D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.

The cambium is a section of cells in a plant that can become either part of the xylem or phloem, depending on the growth and needs of the plant. If the cambium of a particular plant was damaged, what would be the most likely effect on the plant?

D. The plant would not be able to transport nutrients and water.

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?

D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed.Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

D. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

D. Water has a high heat capacity.

Which of these best completes this concept map?

D. a plant cell

If the xylem of a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

D. absorbing water from the soil

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

D. both plant and animal cells

Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell.The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

D. facilitated diffusion

in an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.

D. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst

A student is investigating how reaction rate changes over a range of enzyme concentrations.The student uses excess reactants. Which of the following best represents the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?

D. image unavailable (but its the one in a straight line)

If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged?

D. leaves

Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?

D. lipid

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

D. ribosome

Mullet are local estuarinefish that move in schools and feed on plankton and plant matter. Natural predators of the mullet include spotted sea trout, sharks, pelicans and dolphins. The graph below shows how the number of mullet in an area has changed over time.Based on the data, one student concludes that a new predator was introduced into the area during this time period. Which of the following is a likely alternate explanation for the change in the mullet population?

D. the amount of aquatic plants in the area decreased

DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned.This information shows that:

D. the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.

A biologist compares how different ecosystems undergo succession. She divides the series of events that happen during primary and secondary succession into three different stages. Which feature might be used to distinguish secondary succession from primary succession?

D. the presence of soil and organic matter in the first stage.

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

D. they are autotrophic

Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph?

D.It obtains nutrients from its environment

A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects off our different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw,unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four differentsolutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained. Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?

D.Solution D

Part of a marsh food web is shown below.Which of the following statements correctly describes organisms in this food web?

D.The bacteria are decomposers.

Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?

D.Water has a high capacity for heat.