Biology Exam 1 Material

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following?

A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

Purines

Adenine and Guanine, double ring structure

Difference between the two carbonyl groups: aldehyde ketone

Aldehyde is C=O on the ENDS, bonded to H. Ketone is C=O in the MIDDLE.

Dehydration reactions ____ polymers, and hydrolysis reactions _____ polymers.

Assemble; break down

a promoter is a sequence in:

DNA that orients initiation by RNA polymerase

DNase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What would first happen to DNA molecules treated with DNase?

The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.

A is (double or triple) bonded to T.

double

Nucleic acids are polymers of what monomer?

nucleotides

Nucleotides are composed of:

one or more phosphate groups, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

fatty acids that don't contain double bonds?

saturated

What is the primary structure of a protein?

sequence of amino acids

What forms the backbone of DNA?

sugar and phosphate linked through phosphodiester bonds

What is a peptide bond?

the bond between two amino acids formed when a carboxyl group of one amino acid joins an amino group of another amino acid, releasing water in the process

Pyrimdines

thymine, cytosine, uracil. single ring

G is (double or triple) bonded to C.

triple