biology exam 2; final

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what process requires energy to move materials across the plasma membrane, from low to a high concentration?

active transport

which of the following is NOT one of the three principles of the cell theory?

all cells on earth have a nucleus

phospholipids are ..., meaning they contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

amphipathic

which protein transports molecules across the membrane by binding to a solute, undergoing a slight change in shape, and releasing it on the other side?

carrier protein

the cellular process of breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones is called a ...

catabolic pathway

which chemical reaction is shown and in which organelle does the reaction take place? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

cellular respiration, mitochondria

what organelle has thylakoids, stoma, and a double membrane?

chloroplasts

which of these are only found in plant cells?

chloroplasts

which of the following is NOT a main type of fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton

cilia

the fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that a cell membrane proposed that a cell membrane ...

consists of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phos[holipids

how does the hydrophobic oxygen molecule move across the cell membrane, from a high to low concentration?

diffusion

what kind of gradient is maintained by a sodium-potassium pump?

electrochemical

what kind of protein generate voltage across a membrane?

electrogenic pump

is photosynthesis exergonic or endergonic?

endergonic

which is the process of bulk importing materials into the cell?

endocytosis

what is true of the first law of thermodynamics?

energy can be transformed and transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed

is cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic?

exergonic

how do glucose molecules move across the cell membrane, from high to low concentration?

facilitated diffusion

which of the following is not a component of the ATP molecules?

fatty acid tail

the ... is a moving appendage on the cell that uses a whip-like motion to propel the cell forward

flagella

what would you call a carbohydrate bonded to a lipid in a membrane?

glycolipid

in diffusion, solutes travel from a ... concentration to a ... concentration

high, low

what kind of solution is normal (healthy) for a plant cell?

hypotonic

what kind of solution is normal (healthy) for an animal cell?

isotonic

hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes are packaged into a vesicle that is used to digest large macromolecules, old cellular components, or invasive components. what are these vesicles called?

lysosomes

what is the voltage across the membrane called?

membrane potential

what organelle has a double membrane, cristae (folds of the inner membrane), ribosomes, and its own set of DNA?

mitochondria

what is the name for the special membrane that surrounds the nucleus?

nuclear envelope

from which structure in the nucleus are ribosomes (ribosomal RNA) produced?

nucleolus

in which organelle is the DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

which cell part is found in all eukaryotic cells?

nucleus

what kind of system are living organisms and what does that mean?

open system; exchanges both energy and matter with surroundings

what is the special term for when water molecules diffuse across the cell membrane, from a high to low concentration (without using a transport protein)?

osmosis

what kind of transport is diffusion?

passive transport

which of the following structures are found in all cells ( both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) ?

plasma membrane

which type of biomolecule does a ribosome synthesize?

proteins

what is the major electrogenic pump for plants, fungi, and bacteria?

proton pump

if ^G is negative, is energy being released or absorbed?

released

the ... produces and folds proteins, and the ... synthesizes lipids

rough ER; smooth ER

what does it mean that 'the cell has a selectively permeable membrane'?

some materials pass through the membrane easily and other do not

what is the definition of energy?

the capacity to cause change

which of the following is true about an anabolic pathway?

the pathway consumes energy

which of the following is true?

unsaturated fatty acid tails make the membrane more fluid by preventing packing

what is the process called that releases energy form ATP by adding a water molecule ?

ATP hydrolysis

living things are divided into three domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea

the ... is the packing center of the cell

Golgi apparatus


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