biology exam 2; final
what process requires energy to move materials across the plasma membrane, from low to a high concentration?
active transport
which of the following is NOT one of the three principles of the cell theory?
all cells on earth have a nucleus
phospholipids are ..., meaning they contain both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
amphipathic
which protein transports molecules across the membrane by binding to a solute, undergoing a slight change in shape, and releasing it on the other side?
carrier protein
the cellular process of breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones is called a ...
catabolic pathway
which chemical reaction is shown and in which organelle does the reaction take place? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
cellular respiration, mitochondria
what organelle has thylakoids, stoma, and a double membrane?
chloroplasts
which of these are only found in plant cells?
chloroplasts
which of the following is NOT a main type of fiber that makes up the cytoskeleton
cilia
the fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that a cell membrane proposed that a cell membrane ...
consists of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phos[holipids
how does the hydrophobic oxygen molecule move across the cell membrane, from a high to low concentration?
diffusion
what kind of gradient is maintained by a sodium-potassium pump?
electrochemical
what kind of protein generate voltage across a membrane?
electrogenic pump
is photosynthesis exergonic or endergonic?
endergonic
which is the process of bulk importing materials into the cell?
endocytosis
what is true of the first law of thermodynamics?
energy can be transformed and transferred, but it cannot be created or destroyed
is cellular respiration exergonic or endergonic?
exergonic
how do glucose molecules move across the cell membrane, from high to low concentration?
facilitated diffusion
which of the following is not a component of the ATP molecules?
fatty acid tail
the ... is a moving appendage on the cell that uses a whip-like motion to propel the cell forward
flagella
what would you call a carbohydrate bonded to a lipid in a membrane?
glycolipid
in diffusion, solutes travel from a ... concentration to a ... concentration
high, low
what kind of solution is normal (healthy) for a plant cell?
hypotonic
what kind of solution is normal (healthy) for an animal cell?
isotonic
hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes are packaged into a vesicle that is used to digest large macromolecules, old cellular components, or invasive components. what are these vesicles called?
lysosomes
what is the voltage across the membrane called?
membrane potential
what organelle has a double membrane, cristae (folds of the inner membrane), ribosomes, and its own set of DNA?
mitochondria
what is the name for the special membrane that surrounds the nucleus?
nuclear envelope
from which structure in the nucleus are ribosomes (ribosomal RNA) produced?
nucleolus
in which organelle is the DNA stored in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
which cell part is found in all eukaryotic cells?
nucleus
what kind of system are living organisms and what does that mean?
open system; exchanges both energy and matter with surroundings
what is the special term for when water molecules diffuse across the cell membrane, from a high to low concentration (without using a transport protein)?
osmosis
what kind of transport is diffusion?
passive transport
which of the following structures are found in all cells ( both prokaryotic and eukaryotic) ?
plasma membrane
which type of biomolecule does a ribosome synthesize?
proteins
what is the major electrogenic pump for plants, fungi, and bacteria?
proton pump
if ^G is negative, is energy being released or absorbed?
released
the ... produces and folds proteins, and the ... synthesizes lipids
rough ER; smooth ER
what does it mean that 'the cell has a selectively permeable membrane'?
some materials pass through the membrane easily and other do not
what is the definition of energy?
the capacity to cause change
which of the following is true about an anabolic pathway?
the pathway consumes energy
which of the following is true?
unsaturated fatty acid tails make the membrane more fluid by preventing packing
what is the process called that releases energy form ATP by adding a water molecule ?
ATP hydrolysis
living things are divided into three domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archaea
the ... is the packing center of the cell
Golgi apparatus
