Biology- Exam 3 Ch. 34: Deutorostomes

What features that are unique to mammals among vertebrates? 1) Amniotic eggs 2) Mammary glands 3) Hair 4) Endothermy

2) Mammary glands 3) Hair MAMMALS DONT LAY EGGS

What are some of the key features that characterize amphibians? 1) 4 heart chambers 2) Partially divided heart 3) Legs 4) Cutaneous respiration

2) Partially divided heart 3) Legs 4) Cutaneous respiration

Which animals are a part of the subclass Theria? 1) Monotremes 2) Placental mammals 3) Marsupials

2) Placental mammals 3) Marsupials

What are features of bony fishes? 1) Fins with low mobility 2) Symmetrical tails 3) Bony skeleton 4) Scale-covered skin

2) Symmetrical tails 3) Bony skeleton 4) Scale-covered skin

Humans belong to the mammalian order:

Primates

Today, biologists have identified about 5,000 species of which of the following? a) Fishes b) Mammals c) Primates d) Insects

b) Mammals

According to our current fossil record, how many species of the genus Homo have existed (Homo sapiens)? a) Two b) Three to seven c) More than a hundred d) More than a dozen

b) Three to seven

What are chordates?

bilaterian animals that belong to the clade of animals known as Deuterostomia

Vertebrate evolution is believed to have begun a) 765 mya. b) 900 mya. c) 545 mya. d) 425 mya.

c) 545 mya.

Which of the following is greatly enlarged in birds that have evolved the ability for powered flight? a) Clavicle b) Femur c) Breastbone d) Pelvic girdle

c) Breastbone

Which group is characterized by the presence of four membranes in the embryonic development and includes the mammals, crocodiles, turtles, birds, snakes, and lizards? a) The non-avian reptiles b) The caecilians c) The amniotes d) The tetrapods

c) The amniotes

The openings in the skulls of synapsids are located a) above the eyes. b) in front of the eyes. c) behind the eyes. d) within the eye socket.

c) behind the eyes.

The fossilized remains of Archaeopteryx a) resulted in its classification as a reptile. b) is estimated to be over 300 million years old. c) contains impressions of feathers.

c) contains impressions of feathers.

In echinoderms, the hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding is called the: a) gastrovascular cavity b) hematocoel c) water-vascular system

c) water-vascular system

Vertebrate evolution is thought to have begun in the _____________ period.

cambrian

What is the largest bird order? a) Piciformes b) Psittaciformes c) Apodiformes d) Passeriformes

d) Passeriformes (aka crows are in this class, there are soooooooooooooooo many crows)

Amphibians are sometimes called __________________- skinned vertebrates.

damp

What organisms are in the class Asteroidea? a) Sea cucumbers b) Sand dollars c) Sea urchins d) Brittle stars e) Sea stars

e) Sea stars (or also known as star fish)

Amphibians are a clade of the:

tetrapods

The group of dinosaurs that gave rise to birds were the:

theropods

The ___________________ vascular system aids echinoderms in movement and feeding.

water

Frogs and toads lay their eggs in:

water (they lay their eggs directly in water)

Cephalochordates, or ___________________, are small marine chordates.

- Lancelets (those 2 words are the same thing, lancelets spend most of their time partly buried in sandy or muddy substrates, with only their anterior ends sticking out)

____________________ have chordate larval forms, which metamorphose into sessile, filter-feeding adults that bear little resemblance to other chordates.

- Tunicates

The chordate subphyla are Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and _________________________.

- Vertebrata

Lancelets, which are members of the subphylum _______________ , are small, marine chordates.

- cephalochordata

The nonvertebrate chordate subphyla are __________________ and ______________________.

- cephalochordata - urochordates

The _________________ include apes and humans and their direct ancestors.

- hominids

The five defining features of fish include the gills, fins, circulatory system, nutritional deficiencies, and:

- jaws

The major groups of bony fish are the ______________ -finned fishes, the ________________ fishes, and the ____________________.

- ray - lung - coelacanths

The ______________________ of Chondrichthyans is made of cartilage, as opposed to bone.

- skeleton (for example the shark!)

Bony fish have a bony ________ and a skin covered in plates or _______________.

- skeleton - scales

In addition to the presence of legs, all amphibians share several key characteristics. All amphibians can exchange gases through their _________________. In addition, many amphibians breathe by forcing air into a pair of ___________________. Aerated blood is pumped through the ___________ veins, and returned to a partially divided _____________ to be pumped to the rest of the body.

- skin - lungs - pulmonary - heart

The two major clades of amniotes are the _________________ and the _________________________.

- synapsids - diapsids

Despite how different their sessile, filter-feeding adult forms seem, larval _______________ clearly display chordate features.

- tunicates

The chordate subphyla are Urochordata, Cephalochordata, and __________________________.

- vertebrata

Organisms with spiny skin that exhibit pentaradial symmetry as adults, and have an endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates, are known as the: 1) Echinodermata 2) Echinoderms 3) Radiata

1) Echinodermata 2) Echinoderms

Sea urchins and sand dollars belong to which of the following classes? 1) Echinoidea 2) Asteroidea 3) Holothuroidea 4) Crinoidea 5) Ophiuroidea

1) Echinoidea

Which characteristics are absent in tunicates and lancelets but are present in vertebrates? 1) Enclosed dorsal nerve cord 2) Three pairs of well developed sensory organs 3) A postanal tail 4) Brain encased in skull

1) Enclosed dorsal nerve cord 2) Three pairs of well developed sensory organs 4) Brain encased in skull

What are the four features that characterize all chordates? 1) Presence of pharyngeal slits or pouches in the embryo 2) Presence of a postanal tail 3) Presence of a single, hollow nerve cord 4) Presence of lungs for gas exchange 5) Specialized skin structures, such as feathers, hairs, or scales 6) Presence of a notochord during embryonic development

1) Presence of pharyngeal slits or pouches in the embryo 2) Presence of a postanal tail 3) Presence of a single, hollow nerve cord 6) Presence of a notochord during embryonic development

Which characteristics are absent in tunicates and lancelets but are present in vertebrates? 1) Three pairs of well developed sensory organs 2) Enclosed dorsal nerve cord 3) Brain encased in skull 4) A postanal tail

1) Three pairs of well developed sensory organs 2) Enclosed dorsal nerve cord 3) Brain encased in skull

What are the characteristics of echinoderms? 1) Bilateral symmetry at all life stages 2) Deuterostome development 3) Presence of a notochord 4) Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates 5) Adults have pentaradial symmetry 6) Protostome development

2) Deuterostome development 4) Endoskeleton made of calcium carbonate plates 5) Adults have pentaradial symmetry

What characteristics are found in vertebrates, but not tunicates or lancelets? 1) A notochord 2) A distinct head 3) Pharyngeal slits 4) Vertebrae

2) A distinct head 4) Vertebrae

What are the key (defining) features of jawed fishes? 1) A tail 2) A vertebral column 3) Single-loop circulation 4) Nutritional deficiencies 5) Internal gills 6) An endoskeleton 7) Internal organs 8) Paired appendages

2) A vertebral column 3) Single-loop circulation 4) Nutritional deficiencies 5) Internal gills 8) Paired appendages

What are the major groups of bony fish? 1) Cephalaspidomorphi 2) Actinopterygii 3) Dipnoi 4) Actinistia

2) Actinopterygii 3) Dipnoi 4) Actinistia

The order Crocodylia includes __________________, _________________,____________________, and ___________________.

Blank 1: crocodiles Blank 2: alligators Blank 3: caimans Blank 4: gharials

Why are echinoderms deuterostomes?

Among the bilaterians, they belong to the deuterostome division, meaning that the blastopore, the first opening to form during embryo development, becomes the anus instead of the mouth.

What are theropods?

Birds evolved from a lineage of small, two-legged dinosaurs called theropods

In echinoderms, the larvae are ______________ symmetrical, and the adults are _______________ symmetrical.

Blank 1: bilaterally Blank 2: pentaradially ( u can think about this b/c when starfish are adults like in this pic they are technically symmetrical = so think penta means 5 in math, they have 5 points)

The mammalian subclass Theria consists of ____________ mammals. The group includes both placental mammals and marsupials, but excludes the ____________ because they lay eggs.

Blank 1: viviparous or live-bearing Blank 2: monotremes

Amniotes appeared approximately ________________ million years ago. a) 300 b) 200 c) 400 d) 100

a) 300

Which birds have beaks that are flat and good for shoveling through mud? a) Ducks b) Ostriches c) Finches d) Owls

a) Ducks

The first terrestrial vertebrates were the a) amphibians. b) bony fish. c) dinosaurs. d) reptiles.

a) amphibians.

As mammals, humans are grouped with the a) primates. b) lagomorphs. c) chiroptera. d) cetaceans.

a) primates.

Birds, mammals, lizards, snakes, turtles, and crocodiles form a group known as the _________________, united by the fact that they all possess the same pattern of four embryonic membranes.

amniotes

When did mammals first appear? a) 370 million years ago b) 220 million years ago c) 120 million years ago d) 60 million years ago after dinosaurs went extinct

b) 220 million years ago

The skeleton of Chondrichthyans is made of which of the following? a) Chitin b) Cartilage c) Bone d) Calcium carbonate

b) Cartilage

Members of this phylum are characterized by a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, a notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, and a postanal tail. a) Mammalia b) Chordata c) Annelida d) Echinodermata

b) Chordata (humans, so us are apart of the phylum chordata b/c we have a hollow nerve, and the rest of those on the list)

What best describes symmetry in echinoderms? a) Both the free-swimming larvae and adult form have bilateral symmetry b) Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical c) Both the free-swimming larvae and adult form lack symmetry d) Both the free-swimming larvae and adult form have pentaradial symmetry e) Free-swimming larvae have pentaradial symmetry, while the adult form is bilaterally symmetrical

b) Free-swimming larvae have bilateral symmetry, while the adult form is pentaradially symmetrical

The ____________ include apes and humans and their direct ancestors.

hominids

What are echinoderms?

invertebrates with an internal skeleton and a system of fluid-filled tubes called a water vascular system (a starfish is an example)

The ____________________ muscles of synapsids are anchored to the openings in the skull behind the eyes.

jaw

What is the water vascular system used for?

locomotion, feeding, gas exchange

What are tunicates?

sea squirts (most of them are immobile, meaning they cant move