Biology Exam 3 - (Chapters 14, 15, 16 & 18)

Pollen grains are A) female gametophytes. B) embryonic sporophytes. C) male gametophytes. D) megaspores. E) encapsulated ovules.

C) male gametophytes.

Which structure is a characteristic found only in angiosperms? A) vascular tissue B) seed C) leaf D) flower E) megaphyll

D) flower

Conifers such as pine trees are classified as A) angiosperms. B) lycophytes. C) bryophytes. D) charophytes. E) gymnosperms.

E) gymnosperms.

Which of the following groups provides protection and nourishment to the embryo? A) all plants B) angiosperms only C) gymnosperms only D) bryophytes only E) lycophytes only

A) all plants

The closest living relatives of land plants are A) charophytes. B) chytrids. C) sporozoans. D) cyanobacteria. E) lichens.

A) charophytes.

Which statement does not apply to all fungi? A) Fungi are chemoheterotrophic by absorption. B) Fungi produce gametes that are motile. C) Adult fungal cells are haploid. D) Fungal cell walls are composed of chitin. E) Fungi are thought to be descendants of a flagellated protist.

B) Fungi produce gametes that are motile.

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following? A) any evolution at any scale B) large-scale changes over a long period of time C) small-scale changes over a long period of time D) small-scale changes over a short period of time E) changes of any scale within microorganisms

D) small-scale changes over a short period of time

The finches of the Galápagos islands are an example of _______ A) adaptation B) evolution C) descent with modification D) natural selection E) all of these

E) all of these

Match the following Ovary Chytrids Flowers Microscopes

Ovary- Fruit Chytrids- Flagellated Spores Flowers- Angiosperms Microscopes- Male Gametophyte

Most fungi in the environment function as A) parasites. B) saprotrophs (decomposers). C) photoautotrophs. D) producers. E) predators.

B) saprotrophs (decomposers).

The members of a population survive and successfully reproduce due to the specific phenotypes they possess. This is an example of A) natural selection. B) genetic drift. C) founder effect. D) industrial melanism. E) gene flow.

A) natural selection.

British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of A) directional selection. B) stabilizing selection. C) disruptive selection. D) genetic drift. E) mutation.

C) disruptive selection.

Darwin and Wallace both concluded that species evolve through the process of natural selection. What similar experiences and information helped them both reach the same conclusion? A) Both supported the ideas of Cuvier. B) Both were familiar with the writings of Lyell. C) Both traveled the world and collected specimens for museums in England. D) Both were naturalists. E) Both collected specimens from islands in the Malayan Archipelago.

D) Both were naturalists.

The presence of which feature is the first step to being classified in domain Eukarya? A) a true nucleus B) ribosomes C) cell wall D) chloroplast E) mitochondria

A) a true nucleus

In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle-cell trait an advantage? A) an environment that has malaria B) an environment that is malaria-free C) an environment that is exposed to a large amount of sunlight year-round D) a polluted environment E) an environment that is cold and rainy

A) an environment that has malaria

As you hike up a mountain, you realize that the plants and animals present at the base are not the same as those at the top. This observation is the basis of A) natural selection. B) biogeography. C) comparative anatomy. D) geology. E) paleontology

B) biogeography.

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms? A) Bacteria B) Archaea C) Eukarya D) Bacteria and Archaea E) Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

D) Bacteria and Archaea

Which of these is mismatched? A) ovule - seed B) ovary - fruit C) microspore - pollen D) embryo - male gametophyte E) megaspore - female gametophyte

D) embryo - male gametophyte

A major difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation is whether A) the resulting species are reproductively isolated or not. B) gene flow continues to occur or not. C) two or three species result. D) geographic isolation is required or not. E) the new species are separated by a prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanism.

D) geographic isolation is required or not.

Which of the following is an example of artificial selection? A) different breeds of dogs: poodle, basset hound, Chihuahua, Great Dane, etc. B) different varieties of roses: yellow, pink, red, thornless, climbing, etc. C) different types of tomatoes: roma, beefsteak, grape, cherry, etc. D) different breeds of cats: Siamese, Persian, Himalayan, American shorthair, etc. E) All of the above are examples of artificial selection.

E) All of the above are examples of artificial selection.

Homologous structures A) have identical functions. B) have fully divergent functions. C) are also called analogous structures. D) are only shared by organisms of the same genus. E) are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

E) are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent.

A reproductive barrier that prevents interbreeding because the two species mate during different times of the year is called A) hybrid sterility isolation. B) gamete isolation. C) F2 fitness isolation. D) temporal isolation. E) behavioral isolation.

D) temporal isolation. E) behavioral isolation.

Which of these is a fungal disease (mycosis)? A) wheat rust B) ringworm C) athlete's foot D) oral thrush E) All of these are fungal diseases.

E) All of these are fungal diseases.

Which of the following generates genetic variation within a population? A) genetic recombination B) independent assortment of alleles C) sexual reproduction D) mutation E) All of these describe genetic variation

E) All of these describe genetic variation

Match the description to the correct prezygotic barrier. Egg and sperm will not unite Genitals will not align Nocturnal (awake at night) vs diurnal Water garter snake vs a land garter snake Blue footed booby dance

Gametic Isolation Mechanical Isolation Temporal Isolation Habitat Isolation Behavioral Isolation

Elaborate courtship behavior in animals, such as with the blue-footed boobies of the Galápagos Islands, is an example of which of the following reproductive barriers? A) behavioral isolation B) mechanical isolation C) temporal isolation D) postzygotic isolation E) hybrid sterility

A) behavioral isolation

Two species are said to be closely related if they A) possess a common ancestor. B) can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. C) are reproductively isolated from each other. D) have a shared gene pool. E) can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

A) possess a common ancestor.

Some scientists estimate that over half of the world's rainforest has already been lost, mostly due to human activities. What would you predict as a consequence of the massive loss of plant life? A) a decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide B) reduced incidence of flooding C) an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide D) a decline in soil erosion E) a drop in average temperatures worldwide

C) an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

Which of the following concepts would have been supported by Charles Lyell? A) that the Earth was only a few thousand years old B) that the Earth and its organisms were divinely created C) that the Earth and its organisms slowly changed through time D) local catastrophes caused the extinction of many species E) that species were "fixed"

C) that the Earth and its organisms slowly changed through time

Which of the following is thought to have contributed to the many mass extinction events that have occurred throughout Earth's history? A) plate tectonics B) habitat loss C) meteorite impacts D) continental drift E) All of these have contributed to mass extinctions events.

E) All of these have contributed to mass extinctions events.

Which of the following is a postzygotic isolating mechanism for two species found in the same geographical location? A) The two species occupy different habitats. B) The two species are active during different parts of the day. C) The two species mate during different times of the year. D) The two species have incompatible genitalia. E) The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile.

E) The two species can mate, but the offspring are sterile.

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in the correct order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? A) genus - family - order - class - phylum B) phylum - order - class - family - species C) genus - order - family - class - phylum D) family - order - class - phylum - kingdom E) domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

E) domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

The pollen, or sperm, from a red maple tree is unable to fertilize the eggs from a sugar maple tree. This is an example of what type of isolating mechanism? A) mechanical isolation B) habitat isolation C) temporal isolation D) hybrid sterility E) gamete isolation

E) gamete isolation

Darwin's primary mission on the Beagle was to A) develop the theory of evolution. B) observe natural selection in action. C) gather data on geologic processes from around the world. D) make contact with as many indigenous populations as possible. E) to act as the ship's naturalist and expand the Navy's knowledge of natural resources around the world.

E) to act as the ship's naturalist and expand the Navy's knowledge of natural resources around the world.