Biology for Non-Science Majors Chapter 6 Core Content: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

In the first stage of cellular respiration (glycolysis), two molecules of pyruvate are produced. In the remaining stages of cellular respiration, a number of additional products are produced, such as _____. These other stages occur in the _____.

ATP, mitochondria

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen accepts high-energy electrons after they are stripped from glucose.

Using the ATP generated during cellular respiration, the intermediates of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, such as pyruvate and acetyl CoA, can be siphoned off and used to _____.

build amino acids, fats, and sugar

A molecule that functions as the electron donor in a redux reaction _____ .

loses electrons and becomes oxidized

Cellular respiration accomplishes two major processes: (1) it breaks glucose down into smaller molecules, and (2) it harvests the chemical energy released and stores it in ATP molecules. By the end of _____, the breakdown of glucose is complete; most ATP molecules are produced during _____.

the Citric Acid cycle ... electron transport

Which part(s) of cellular respiration require(s) oxygen gas?

the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Which parts of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria?

the Citric Acid cycle and the electron transport chain

Sunlight is essential for the varied life on Earth. Sunlight provides energy to photosynthetic organisms by providing _______.

the energy necessary to power the rearrangement of chemical bonds in H2O and CO2

NADH and FADH 2 are important in cellular respiration because they deliver high-energy electrons to the electron transport system. Electron transport produces _____ ATP molecule(s) per NADH molecule and _____ ATP molecules(s) per FADH 2 molecule.

three, two

Glycolysis is the multi-step breakdown of _____. Several different _____ play a role in this process.

glucose, enzymes

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration?

They are used to form water.

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and _____ additional energy-rich molecules _____ .

four, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

Unlike the Citric Acid cycle and electron transport, glycolysis occurs _____.

in the cytoplasm

Cellular respiration requires fuel (glucose) and oxygen gas. The main process that produces these inputs is ____

photosynthesis

What is/are the most important output(s) of glycolysis?

two pyruvic acid and two NADH molecules

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________.

NADH, NAD+

In electron transport, high-energy electrons "fall" to oxygen through a series of reactions. The energy released is used to _____.

transport protons into the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria, where they become concentrated. They then flow back out into the inner compartment (matrix) of the mitochondria. On the way back, protons turn ATP synthase turbines and produce ATP.