Biology keystone

What is the relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?

A reaction rate can be increased when the specific enzyme for a biological reaction is present.

How is carbon able to form different structures?

Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds contributes to the different structures.

Describe the function of a specific group of proteins, enzymes, using the lock-and-key model.

Enzymes speed up specific biochemical reactions. Each enzyme is shaped to fit a specific substrate (key and lock model) The substrate fits perfectly to the enzyme active site allowing the reaction to begin.

A scientist observes a single-celled organism with several long, whip-like tails. What is the function of the whip-like tails that it will most likely perform?

Movement through an environment

Compare the characteristics/composition of protein macromolecule to that of a nucleic acid macromolecule.

Proteins are made up of amino acid monomers. The amino acids form long chains that folds and twists into a specific 3D shape. Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotide monomers. The nucleotides form long strands that are single-stranded (RNA) or double-stranded (DNA)

What is not an example of how the an increase of surface area aidsa particular organ or organ system?

Rib bone in the skeletal system

explain three changes a student would experience while exercising and how each change represent homeostatic mechanism

Sweating is a response to an increase of body temperature. The evaporation of sweat cools the body allowing the body temperature to lower in order to maintain homeostasis Increase thirst is the response to the loss of water from sweating and increase of breathing. This response cause a person to retrieve some water to rehydrate. By doing this it allow water level to go back up to maintain homeostasis. Increase heart rate/breathing rate are both responses to lower oxygen levels. Oxygen is an input of cellular respiration which produces ATP energy. By breathing more and having a faster heart beat more oxygen can be delivered to cells, maintain homeostasis.

Explain how the energy transformation of photosynthesis are related to the energy transformations of cellular respiration.

The energy that comes out of photosynthesis is the energy that goes into cellular respiration.

How does a protein's structure allow its ability to function?

The folded three-dimensional shape determines the function.

Explain how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to aid in homeostasis regulation for the cell

The plasma is selectively permeable and allows movement of material in and out of cell to maintain homeostasis.

Identify the structure and the components of the plasma membrane

The plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer that has two layers of hydrophilic phosphate heads and Hydrophobic fatty acid tails. The Plasma membrane also has cholesterol for strength and proteins to move molecules across.

A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most like learned from the observation?

The reaction required an input of energy

Explain how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a barrier of protection for the cell.

The structure allows the plasma membrane to function as a barrier because it is semipermeable. This means it will only let certain materials enter or exit.

Villi are tiny finger like protrusions that come out from the wall of the intestines. Describe the function of the intestinal villi in the digestive system.

To increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption.

What correctly describes the characteristic of carbon that contributes its importance as a molecule for life?

carbon can form four covalent bonds. It can be in rings, straight chain or branched chains. Carbon forms covalent bonds with other carbons.