Biology Lecture Quiz 11/15

Which of the following analogies best describe the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding? A. A hug between two people B. A key fitting into a lock C. A square peg fitting through the square hole and a round peg fitting through the round hole of a children's toy D. The fitting together of two jigsaw puzzle pieces.

A. A hug between two people

The energy currency used by cells is ________. A. ATP B. ADP C. AMP D. adenosine

A. ATP

Which of the following structures is not a component of a photosystem? A. ATP synthase B. antenna molecule C. reaction center D. primary electron acceptor

A. ATP synthase

What compound receives electrons from NADH? A. FMN B. ubiquinone C. cytochrome c1 D. oxygen

A. FMN

Which of the following is not true about enzymes: A. They increase ∆G of reactions B. They are usually made of amino acids C. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions D. Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds

A. They increase ∆G of reactions

DNA replication involves unwinding two strands of parent DNA, copying each strand to synthesize complementary strands, and releasing the parent and daughter DNA. Which of the following accurately describes this process? A. This is an anabolic process B. This is a catabolic process C. This is both anabolic and catabolic D. This is a metabolic process but is neither anabolic nor catabolic

A. This is an anabolic process

Which of the following is not an example of an energy transformation? A. Turning on a light switch B. Solar panels at work C. Formation of static electricity D. None of the above

A. Turning on a light switch

Which of the following components is not used by both plants and cyanobacteria to carry out photosynthesis? A. chloroplasts B. chlorophyll C. carbon dioxide D. water

A. chloroplasts

A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is ________. A. glucose-6-phosphate B. fructose-1,6-bisphosphate C. dihydroxyacetone phosphate D. phosphoenolpyruvate

A. glucose-6-phosphate

Label each of the following systems as high or low entropy: i. the instant that a perfume bottle is sprayed compared with 30 seconds later, ii. an old 1950s car compared with a brand new car, and iii. a living cell compared with a dead cell. A. i. low, ii. high, iii. low B. i. low, ii. high, iii. high C. i. high, ii. low, iii. high D. i. high, ii. low, iii. Low

A. i. low, ii. high, iii. low

The effect of high levels of ADP is to ________. A. increase the activity of the enzyme B. decrease the activity of the enzyme C. have no effect on the activity of the enzyme D> slow down the pathway

A. increase the activity of the enzyme

Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles? A. lactic acid fermentation B. alcohol fermentation C. mixed acid fermentation D. propionic fermentation

A. lactic acid fermentation

Which of the following molecules is likely to have the most potential energy? A. sucrose B. ATP C. glucose D. ADP

A. sucrose

Which statement correctly describes carbon fixation? A. the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound B. the use of RuBisCO to form 3-PGA C. the production of carbohydrate molecules from G3P D. the formation of RuBP from G3P molecules E. the use of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO2

A. the conversion of CO2 into an organic compound

During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs? A. ATP is used up. B. Fructose is split in two. C. ATP is made. D. Glucose becomes fructose.

C. ATP is made.

Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? A. Endergonic reactions have a positive ∆G and exergonic reactions have a negative ∆G B. Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy C. Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier D. Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly

D. Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly

How many photons does it take to fully reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8

B. 2

Which of the following is the best way to judge the relative activation energies between two given chemical reactions? A. Compare the ∆G values between the two reactions B. Compare their reaction rates C. Compare their ideal environmental conditions D. Compare the spontaneity between the two reactions

B. Compare their reaction rates

What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? A. They become part of a fermentation pathway. B. They go to another pathway for ATP production. C. They energize the entry of the acetyl group into the citric acid cycle. D. They are converted to NADP.

B. They go to another pathway for ATP production.

Which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is not correct? A. Thylakoids are assembled into stacks. B. Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes. C. The space surrounding thylakoids is called stroma. D. Thylakoids contain chlorophyll.

B. Thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes.

A reducing chemical reaction ________. A. reduces the compound to a simpler form B. adds an electron to the substrate C. removes a hydrogen atom from the substrate D. is a catabolic reaction

B. adds an electron to the substrate

The control of which enzyme exerts the most control on glycolysis? A. hexokinase B. phosphofructokinase C. glucose-6-phosphatase D. aldolase

B. phosphofructokinase

From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly? A. photosystem II B. photosystem I C. cytochrome complex D. ATP synthase

B. photosystem I

In which compartment of the plant cell do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place? A. thylakoid B. stroma C. outer membrane D. mesophyll

B. stroma

GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of ________. A. isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate B. succinyl CoA into succinate C. fumarate into malate D. malate into oxaloacetate

B. succinyl CoA into succinate

What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group? A. oxygen B. ATP C. B vitamin D. carbon dioxide

D. carbon dioxide

An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following? A. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing its affinity for substrate binding B. Binds to the active site and blocks it from binding substrate C. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate D. Binds directly to the active site and mimics the substrate

C. Binds to an enzyme away from the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, decreasing its affinity for the substrate

Which order of molecular conversions is correct for the Calvin cycle? A. RuBP + G3P → 3-PGA → sugarRuBP + G3P → 3-PGA → sugar B. RuBisCO → CO2 → RuBP → G3PRuBisCO → CO2 → RuBP → G3P C. RuBP + CO2 → [RuBisCO] 3-PGA → G3PRuBP + CO2 → [ RuBisCO ] 3-PGA → G3P D. CO2 → 3-PGA → RuBP → G3P

C. RuBP + CO2 → [RuBisCO] 3-PGA → G3PRuBP + CO2 → [ RuBisCO ] 3-PGA → G3P

Where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle take place? A. thylakoid membrane B. thylakoid lumen C. chloroplast stroma D. granum

C. chloroplast stroma

Energy is stored long-term in the bonds of _____ and used short-term to perform work from a(n) _____ molecule. A. ATP : glucose B. an anabolic molecule : catabolic molecule C. glucose : ATP D. a catabolic molecule : anabolic molecule

C. glucose : ATP

Consider a pendulum swinging. Which type(s) of energy is/are associated with the pendulum in the following instances: i. the moment at which it completes one cycle, just before it begins to fall back towards the other end, ii. the moment that it is in the middle between the two ends, iii. just before it reaches the end of one cycle (just before instant i.). A. i. potential and kinetic, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. kinetic B. i. potential, ii. potential and kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic C. i. potential, ii. kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic D. i. potential and kinetic, ii. kinetic iii. kinetic

C. i. potential, ii. kinetic, iii. potential and kinetic

Which complex is not involved in the establishment of conditions for ATP synthesis? A. photosystem I B. ATP synthase C. photosystem II D. cytochrome complex

C. photosystem II

What two main products result from photosynthesis? A. oxygen and carbon dioxide B. chlorophyll and oxygen C. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen D. sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide

C. sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen

Beta-oxidation is ________. A. the breakdown of sugars B. the assembly of sugars C. the breakdown of fatty acids D. the removal of amino groups from amino acids

C. the breakdown of fatty acids

Chemiosmosis involves ________. A. the movement of electrons across the cell membrane B. the movement of hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane C. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane D. the movement of glucose through the cell membrane

C. the movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane

How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle? A. one B. two C. three D. four

C. three

Which molecule must enter the Calvin cycle continually for the light-independent reactions to take place? A. RuBisCO B. RuBP C. 3-PGA D. CO2

D. CO2

The energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is A. primarily stored between the alpha and beta phosphates B. equal to −57 kcal/mol C. harnessed as heat energy by the cell to perform work D. providing energy to coupled reactions

D. providing energy to coupled reactions