Biology midterm multiple choice

what was the name of the scientist who coined the name "cell"? a) Mattais Schielden b) Robert Hooke c) Theodor Schwann d) Camillo Golgi

b) Robert Hooke

The movement of Na+ and K+ through the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient requires which of these? a) a protein channel b) a protein pump c) endocytosis d) exocytosis

b) a protein pump

which of the following is property shared by lipids and carbohydrates? a) both dissolve in water b) both are sources of energy for the cells c) both have the same number of oxygen atoms d) both have the same numbers of carbon-hydrogen bonds

b) both are sources of energy for the cells

a biologist is studying the relaxed form of chromosome. he or she would be studying which of the following? a) chromatid b) chromatin c) centromeres d) centrosomes e) cytokinesis

b) chromatin

the reverse of endocytosis is termed: a) active transport b) exocytosis c) pinocytosis d) phagocytosis e) osmosis

b) exocytosis

water is the primary component of cytoplasm. which property of water helps cells maintain constant temperature? a) strong cohesion b) high specific heat c) high surface tension d) strong capillary action

b) high specific heat

in the scientific method the condition which is deliberately changed is referred to as the: a) control group b) independent variable c) control variable d) hypothesis e) dependent variable

b) independent variable

an atom that has lost or gained electrons becomes a(n) ____. a) isotope b) ion c) neutral

b) ion

a cell biologist is studying the breakdowns and disposal of waste in a cell. based on this information the cell biologist would most likely be studying which of the following structures? a) the rough ER b) lysosomes c) the smooth ER d) peroxisomes

b) lysosomes

the thing that takes up space and has mass is considered... a) a solid b) matter c) an element

b) matter

a differentially permeable membrane separates a molasses solution from distilled water. With time, the... a) molasses solution will become more concentrated b) molasses will become more dilute c) molasses will be found in water and it will become more concentrated d) molasses will be found in water

b) molasses will become more dilute

the human body maintains a constant internal temperature of 98.6 degrees fahrenheit. which changes occur when the hypothalamus detects a temperature of 100.1 degrees fahrenheit? a) muscle tissue shivers and skin capillaries of dilate b) perspiration increase and skin capillaries dilate c) muscle tissue shivers and skin capillaries constrict d) perspiration increases and skin capillaries constrict

b) perspiration increase and skin capillaries dilate

a chemist is in the lab studying a large organic molecule that he or she is studying? a) monomer b) polymer c) isomer d) hydrometer e) hydrophilic

b) polymer

which of the following protein structures is the least complex consisting of a linear sequence of amino acids? a) alpha helix b) primary c) pleated sheet d) tertiary e) quaternary

b) primary

the atomic number of and element tells us the number of _____ in its atom a) neutrons b) protons c) electrons

b) protons

cells which produce lots of proteins would most likely have a greater number of these structures within them: a) mitochondria b) ribosomes c) lysosomes d) chloroplasts

b) ribosomes

a sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. the movement of glucose into or out of a cell require energy. Which statement best describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? a) sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by osmosis b) sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion c) sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by osmosis d) sodium and potassium ions move by facilitated diffusion, and glucose moves by active transport e) sodium and potassium ions move by endocytosis, and glucose moves by exocytosis

b) sodium and potassium ions move by active transport, and glucose moves by facilitated diffusion

a scientist who studies a group of mice and the area in which they live would be studying a(n): a) biosphere b) species c) ecosystem d) population e) community

b) species

in the cell cycle, what happens next after the nucleus divides? a) the chromosomes are copied b) the cytoplasm divides c) the plasma membrane dissolves d) the cell grows and makes organelles

b) the cytoplasm divides

differential/selective permeability refers to: a) the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of less concentration b) the extent of membrane allows a substance to pass through c) the amount of solute in a solution d) the state of being permanent e) the ability to establish a permanent solute level in solution

b) the extent of membrane allows a substance to pass through

which of these processes occurs during interphase of the cell cycle? a) chromosomes become visible b) the number of organelles doubles c) the nucleus divides into two nuclei d) sister chromatids align at the cell's center

b) the number of organelles doubles

which statement correctly pairs the organelle with its function? a) the vacuole stores genetic information b) the plasma membrane controls the flow of materials in c) the nucleus absorbs the sun's energy for photosynthesis d) the chloroplast synthesizes proteins from amino acids

b) the plasma membrane controls the flow of materials in

regarding the scientific method, which statement is false? a) a theory repeatedly supported is sometimes called a law b) theories formed in everyday life vary the same validity as a scientific theory c) only one experimental variable is used in an experiment d) consistent observations about a hypothesis may lead to a theory e) published research should provide detail to allow anyone to repeat the experiment in the same number

b) theories formed in everyday life vary the same validity as a scientific theory

solution for carb sugar

benedict's solution

solution for protein

biurets solution

testing for lipid

brown paper

If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then: a) 0.9% would be hypotonic b) 0.9% would be hypertonic c) 1.0% would be hypertonic d) 1.0% would be hypotonic e) 0.1% would be hypertonic

c) 1.0% would be hypertonic

the first shell of an atom can hold ____ and the second can hold ____ a) 8 electrons, 8 electrons b) 2 electrons, 6 electrons c) 2 electrons, 8 electrons

c) 2 electrons, 8 electrons

a carp, a type of fish, has 52 homologous pairs of chromosomes in its brain cells. how many chromosomes are contained in its gametes a) 13 b) 26 c) 52 d) 104

c) 52

when iodine solution is mixed with an unknown sample of food, the mixture turns black. This color change indicate the presence of _____. a) a lipid b) an enzyme c) a carbohydrates d) a protein

c) a carbohydrates

If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately? a) facilitated diffusion b) osmosis c) active transport d) diffusion

c) active transport

some prokaryotes have plasmids that contain genetic information. where is such information found in eukaryote cells? a) stored in vacuole b) suspended in cytoplasm c) bundled in chromosomes d) embedded in ER

c) bundled in chromosomes

The basic unit of structure and function of all life is the: a) atom b) molecule c) cell d) organ e) organism

c) cell

the cell wall contains: a) protein b) chloroplasts c) cellulose d) phospholipids

c) cellulose

without this part of an experiment, a scientist would have no way of knowing if the treatment worked or not: a) conclusion b) testing c) control group d) hypothesis e) observation

c) control group

If you were studying the semifluid interior of the cell you would be studying the: a) cytoskeleton b) centrosome c) cytoplasm d) centrioles

c) cytoplasm

to bond together, a glycerol molecule loses three oxygen and three hydrogen atoms, and three fatty acids lose a hydrogen atom. which term describes this process? a) transcription b) hydrolysis c) dehydration synthesis d) recombination

c) dehydration synthesis

the diversity of living organisms on our planet can best be explained by which of the following processes? a) natural selection b) metabolism c) evolution d) homeostasis e) reproduction

c) evolution

a possible explanation for a natural event is known as: a) an observation b) a conclusion c) a hypothesis d) testing e) data collection

c) hypothesis

If the smooth endoplasmic reticulum were removed from the cell, which of the following processes would be most affected? a) protein synthesis b) packaging proteins c) lipid synthesis d) transporting proteins

c) lipid synthesis

Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which of these structures would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand? a) plasma membrane b) Golgi apparatus c) mitochondria d) smooth er

c) mitochondria

which statement describes a similarity between meiosis and mitosis? a) crossing-over occurs in both meiosis and mitosis b) haploid cells result in both meiosis and mitosis c) nuclear division occurs in both meiosis and mitosis d) four daughter cells are produced in both meiosis and mitosis

c) nuclear division occurs in both meiosis and mitosis

which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory? a) New cells arise only from preexisting cells b) the cell is the basic unit of life c) only eukaryotes are made up of cells d) all living things are made of cells

c) only eukaryotes are made up of cells

a cell biologist was examining the chemical composition of the cell membrane. which of the following would be found in the highest concentration? a) steroids b) proteins c) phospholipids d) cholesterol e) carbohydrates

c) phospholipids

which kind of macromolecule provides building blocks for tissues, transports other molecules, and helps regulate certain reactions in the body? a) lipid b) carbohydrates c) protein d) nucleic acids

c) proteins

in a covalent bond, electrons are _____. a) gained b) lost c) shared

c) shared

in the cell cycle the "S" stands for: a) somatic b) sexual c) synthesis d) sister e) synapsis

c) synthesis

all living organisms must maintain homeostasis in order to survive. which statement best describes one way in which humans maintain homeostasis? a) temperature is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide b) water content is regulated by giving off carbon dioxide c) temperature is regulated by sweating d) water content is regulated by sweating

c) temperature is regulated by sweating

in which level of protein organization does a globular shape take place? a) primary b) secondary c) tertiary d) quaternary e) pleated

c) tertiary

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents what from doing? a) diffusion b) active transport c) the cell from bursting d) the cell from shrinking e) crenation

c) the cell from bursting

which of these is a function of the Golgi? a) the manufacture of proteins by embedded ribosomes b) the identification of lipid by the digestion of lysosomes c) the modification and routing of proteins to their destination d) the temporary storage of lipids that will be sent outside of the cell

c) the modification and routing of proteins to their destination

the unique properties of water result mainly from the polarity of its molecules. which statement best describes its polarity? a) some water molecules attract each other, and some repel each other b) a water molecule has two magnetic poles, a north pole and south pole. c) the oxygen side of a water molecules has slightly negative charge and the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge d) the oxygen side of one water molecules repels the hydrogen side of another water molecules

c) the oxygen side of a water molecules has slightly negative charge and the hydrogen side has a slightly positive charge

which statement describes a cell's chromosomes at the beginning of prophase if meiosis 1? a) the dna in each homologue has been exchanged b) it contains half the normal chromosome number c) the sister chromatids are joined at the centromere d) each sister chromatid has a unique combination o alleles

c) the sister chromatids are joined at the centromere

which of the following has the greatest evidence for being true? a) hypothesis b) conclusion c) theory d) inference

c) theory

which of the following might be said by a valid scientist? a) although no one else gets the same results in my experiments, it is still science b) since all the accumulated body of data support it, a hypothesis is definitely "true" c) there is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify any hypothesis d) the tests results and conclusion finish the scientific's job; it is enough that a scientist alone knows the results

c) there is always a possibility that a more advanced experiment might falsify any hypothesis

what structural quality of proteins distinguishes them from other macromolecules? a) they are characterized by the presence of phosphorous atoms b) they have 2:1 ratios of hydrogen to oxygen atoms c) they are composed of monomers joined by hydrogen synthesis d) they have three-dimensional shapes determined by their arrangements of amino acids

c) they are composed of monomers joined by hydrogen synthesis

the outermost shell of an atom is know as the ____ shell a) noble b) stable c) valence

c) valence

Why is the phospholipid bilayer only partially permeable to water? a) water is repelled by the polar tails of the phospholipid b)water is repelled by the polar head of the phospholipid c) water is repelled by the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid d) water is repelled by the hydrophobic heads of the phospholipid

c) water is repelled by the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid

how do carbon atom's available electrons allow it to form biological macromolecules? a) carbon can bond with the most elements except itself b) carbon can bond with a few other elements and itself c) a carbon atom can form bonds with up to 6 other atoms d) a carbon atom can form bonds with up to 4 other atoms

d) a carbon atom can form bonds with up to 4 other atoms

which is NOT an example of an organism maintaining homeostasis? a) a jogger stops to drink at a water fountain b) a turtle spends hours sitting on a sunny rock c) a deer seeks out salty foods to add to its diet d) a rabbit hides among grasses to avoid a hawk

d) a rabbit hides among grasses to avoid a hawk

a biologist wants to examine living cells in the lab. Which type of microscope would the biologist use? a) transmission electron microscope b) scanning electron microscope c) condenser electron microscope d) compound microscope

d) compound microscope

which example is an activity that a fish most likely uses to maintain homeostasis within its body? a) using camouflage to avoid predators b) sleep during the day and feeding at night c) moving to deeper water to regulate metabolic waste d) exchanging gasses through gills to regulate oxygen levels e) swim in schools for protection

d) exchanging gasses through gills to regulate oxygen levels

When solute molecules pass through the membrane passively using a carrier protein, it is referred to as: a) active transport b) simple diffusion c) osmosis d) facilitated diffusion e) solute diffusion

d) facilitated diffusion

sperm and egg are made from specialized cells called: a) binary fission b) asexual cells c) somatic cell's d) germ cells e) nucleoid cells

d) germ cells

which monomers join to form lipids? a) nucleic acid & glycerol b) amino acids c) monosaccharides d) glycerol & fatty acids

d) glycerol & fatty acids

which of the following polysaccharides is used by animals as the storage form of glucose? a) chitin b) cellulose c) peptidoglycan d) glycogen e) collagen

d) glycogen

a jackrabbit has large ears containing blood vessels that help it maintain a constant body temperature by adjusting heat exchange with the surrounding environment. which characteristic of life is best described by this example? a) growth b) energy use c) organization d) homeostasis e) reproduction

d) homeostasis

which of the following elements is not predominantly found in living organisms? a) carbon b) hydrogen c) nitrogen d) iron e) oxygen

d) iron

which of the following is NOT a function of a cell membrane? a) it provides mechanical strength to the cell b) it gives shape the cell c) it is largely responsible for cellular homeostasis d) it is largely responsible for cell division e) it regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

d) it is largely responsible for cell division

What characteristic of active transport distinguished it from facilitated diffusion? a) it moves water across the plasma membrane b) it moves materials along the concentration gradient c) it uses proteins embedded in the plasma membrane d) it requires energy to move materials into a cell

d) it requires energy to move materials into a cell

which of these properties of water enables fish to survive in ponds and lakes throughout the winter? a) strong adhesion b) high surface tension c) strong capillary action d) low density of its solid state

d) low density of its solid state

a student examines a living cell through a microscope. observing which of the following would indicate that the cell is eukaryotic? a) cell wall b) cytoplasm c) plasma membrane d) membrane-bound organelles

d) membrane-bound organelles

Which of the following is not a component of the plasma membrane? a) fatty acids b) phosphates c) amino acids d) nucleic acids

d) nucleic acids

which of the following levels of life is the least inclusive (smallest)? a) ecosystem b) organism c) community d) organ e) population

d) organ

a biologist is studying the import of liquids and very small particle into the cell. he or she would most likely be studying the process of: a) phagocytosis b) exocytosis c) osmosis d) pinocytosis e) facilitated transport

d) pinocytosis

which of these activities are carried out by the cells of only some organisms? a) getting rid of wastes b) maintaining homeostasis c) responding to external changes d) preforming photosynthesis

d) preforming photosynthesis

a cell in the process of cell division contains the normal chromosomes number. each chromosomes consist of two identical sister chromatids. during which stages and processes can such a cell exist? a) telophase of mitosis, but no stage of meiosis b) metaphase of mitosis, but no stage of meiosis c) anaphase I of meiosis and anaphase of mitosis d) prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis

d) prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis

which of the following is not a characteristic of all living organisms? a) response to stimuli b) adaptation c) sexual reproduction d) regulation of internal environment e) acquisition

d) regulation of internal environment

why must a cell's dna be replicated before the nucleus divides? a) so that old dna molecules can be replaced with new ones b) because single-stranded dna must become double stranded c) because a cell's dna is used up in the process of protein production d) so that each new nucleus will have a complete set of genetic information

d) so that each new nucleus will have a complete set of genetic information

which of the following is not true of both the chloroplasts and the mitochondria? a) they are both found in eukaryotic cells b) they both have inner and outer cell membrane c) they are both found in plant cells d) they are both found in animal cells

d) they are both found in animal cells

what is the proper order of events in the cell cycle? a) G1, M, G2, S b) M, G1, G2, S c) G1, G2, S, M d) G1, G2, M, S e) G1, S, G2, M

e) G1, S, G2, M

when breaking a polypeptide into smaller subunits, which of the following chemical reactions would be needed? a) a hydrophilic reaction b) an isomeric reaction c) a dehydration reaction d) a hydrophobic reaction e) a hydrolysis reaction

e) a hydrolysis reaction

which of the following is NOT considered a basic theory of biology? a) atomic b) cell c) homeostasis d) ecosystem e) gene

e) gene

An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell: a) is much greater than inside the cell b) is slightly less inside the cell c) is much less than inside the cell d) is slightly greater than inside the cell e) is the same inside the cell

e) is the same inside the cell

which of the following levels of organization is NOT included within the level of organism? a) organ b) cell c) tissue d) organ system e) population

e) population

which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method? a) conclusion b) hypothesis c) observation d) testing e) scientific law

e) scientific law

a group of cells with a common structure and function is referred to as an organ true or false

false

the interactions within a population and with other populations are referred to as an ecosystem true or false

false

Solution for carb starch

iodine solution

all of the ecosystems on the earth are collectively known as the biosphere true or false

true

the bond between amino acids is referred to as a peptide bond. true or false

true

the regulation of an organisms's internal environment is known as homeostasis true or false

true

the three parts which make up a nucleotide are: sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. true or false

true

when an oxygen atom gains 2 electrons, it gains a charge of _____ a) 2(-) b) 2 (+) c) 8

a) 2(-)

If the mitochondria were removed from a cell, what process would immediately stop in the cell? a) ATP synthesis b) protein synthesis c) lipid synthesis d) transportation synthesis

a) ATP synthesis

a scientist is studying an unknown cell under the microscope. She observes that the cells has a nucleus. a cell wall, and a large vacuole. Based on these observation she can conclude that the cell is most likely: a) a plant cell b) a bacteria cell c) a prokaryotic cell d) an animal cell

a) a plant cell

which characteristic is shared by all prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a) ability to store dna b) use of membrane bound organelles to control cell processes c) use of cellular respiration for energy release d) conversion of sunlight to energy e) ability to move in response to environmental stimuli

a) ability to store dna

Molecules such as glucose and amino acids are NOT lipid soluble and therefore they a) combine with carrier proteins and pass across by facilitated diffusion b) easily pass across the cell membrane c) require active transport to cross the cell membrane d) must be engulfed by a cell using endocytosis

a) combine with carrier proteins and pass across by facilitated diffusion

a cell spends most of its time in which of the following phases? a) interphase b) G2 c) Mitosis d) S e) G1

a) interphase

migrating birds often travel great distances without feeding. which macromolecules would migrating birds most likely uses as an energy source? a) lipids b) proteins c) nucleus acids d) carbohydrates

a) lipids

a cell placed in hypotonic solution will: a) lose water b) gain water c) neither gain nor lose water d) both gain and lose water equally e) gain water initially then lose water

a) lose water

Ionic bonds form between atoms of____ a) metals and non metal b) metals and metals c) non metals and non metals

a) metals and non metals

the center of an atom is known as the____ a) nucleus b) shell c) orbital

a) nucleus

graphs of the data form laboratory investigation are used to... a) observe general trends in data b) make the observed data more accurate c) prevent errors in measuring data d) help change the original data tables

a) observe general trends in data

the shrinking of cytoplasm is known as: a) plasmolysis b) turgor pressure c) hypotonicity d) isotonicity e) osmosis

a) plasmolysis

which statement best describes al prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? a) ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm b) materials are stored in vacuole c) chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis d) cell wall provide support and shape

a) ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm

Food coloring and water is an example of: a) simple diffusion b) facilitated diffusion c) active transport d) endocytosis e) exocytosis

a) simple diffusion

The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is least permeable to which substance? a) starch molecules, due to their size b) oxygen molecules, due to their solubility c) carbon dioxide molecules, due to their polarity d) water molecules, due to their size

a) starch molecules, due to their size

which sentence lists events in the cell cycle in correct order, from earlier to later? a) the chromosomes replicate; the nuclear membrane dissolves b) the sister chromatids are separated; the chromosomes condense (coil up) c) the nuclear membrane reforms; the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell d) the chromosomes become longer and thinner; spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

a) the chromosomes replicate; the nuclear membrane dissolves

which of the following is not a statement associated with organic molecules? a) they always form through ionic bonds b) they are quite large and bond with many atoms c) they are associated with living organisms d) they always contain carbon bonded to other atoms e) they always from through covalent bonds

a) they always form through ionic bonds

which of the following is not a reason why cell division is important in eukaryotes? a) to make extra copies of dna to store for later use b) to replaced old cells c) to repair damaged tissue d) to make new cells as the organism grows e) to make new immune cells when the organism is sick

a) to make extra copies of dna to store for later use