Biology One Chapter Nine

photosystems

are surrounds by accessory pigments and are essential to the light-dependent reactions

high-energy bonds

C6H12O6 produces what to produce 3-carbon molecules to become other compounds?

Photosynthesis takes up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and it uses the carbon to assemble sugars. The sugars generally become part of the tissues of the plant. So in this way, photosynthesis acts to transfer carbon from the atmosphere to the biosphere.

Earth systems include the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. Use the model to explain how photosynthesis acts to transfer carbon between two Earth systems.

NADPH provides much of the energy for the light-independent reactions, also called the Calvin Cycle, in which low-energy carbon dioxide is assembled into high-energy sugars.

How is the production of NADPH useful for the process of photosynthesis?

electron transport chain

a series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions. this carries electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I to NADP+.

3-carbon molecules

carbon dioxide enters as carbon dioxide and exists as what?

carbon dioxide

closing openings on leaves decreases the rate of photosynthesis by preventing what from entering the leaf?

synthesize high-energy sugars

during light-independent reactions, ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to do what?

ATP synthase

hydrogen ions must pass through a channel during what?

high-energy electrons

photosystems absorb sunlight and what, that are then passed to a series of electrons carriers embedded in the membrane.

photosynthesis

plants convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy stored into the bonds of carbohydrates

thylakoids

saclike chlorophyll-containing membranes; they are interconnected and arranged in stacks known as grana

sugar

some matter in carbon dioxide is converted to what?

high-energy chemical bonds

the artificial leaf contains what?

water molecueles

the break-up of what releases hydrogen ions inside the thylakoid?

stroma

the fluid portion of the chloroplast

chlorophyll

what absorbs light very efficiently and an important property of photosynthesis to cite?

water and carbon dioxide

what are photosynthesis's reactants?

carbon dioxide

what assembles sugars during photosynthesis?

NADP+

what has the ability to accept and release electrons and a hydrogen ion?

ADP to ATP

what is an input of energy to attack a third phosphate group?

light

what is the energy source for converting ADP to ATP and NADP+ to NADPH?

light

what provides the energy for chemical reactions that take place during photosynthesis and for the assembling of small molecules in sugars? Also is the source of carbon atoms in carbohydrates products.

NADPH and ATP

what supply energy necessary to assemble sugar molecules?