Biology - Plant Biology

Terminal buds are often accompanied by additional pairs of buds known as:

Accessory buds

Which whorl of a flower contains anthers and filaments?

Androecium

Apple trees are vascular plants with flowers. Based on this information, apple trees can be classified as:

Angiosperms

Organisms that fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants and humans are:

Bacteria

What process happens at the apical meristem to allow for plant stem growth that does not occur at other locations in the shoot system?

Cell division

Nitrogen is part of what vital substance in plant cells?

Chlorophyll

Plants that have two cotyledons and flowers in groups of four or five are best known as:

Dicots

When you peel a carrot or potato, what layer of the root are you removing?

Epidermis

What structure is labeled in this diagram? study.com/cimages/multimages/16/2093561767_leaf_diagram_.jpg

Guard cells

Plants that have cones rather than flowers for seed production are best known as:

Gymnosperms

Some plants, such as elm trees, lack one or more whorl of a flower. What term best describes these flowers?

Incomplete

As woody plants increase in height, they need to add more vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients further. Where does this secondary growth occur?

Lateral meristem

Xylem is composed of dead cells lined end to end. What is responsible for making these cells strong and durable even though they are no longer living?

Lignin

Palm trees have parallel veins, long leaves, vascular tissue, and flowers with groups of three petals. Based on this information, palm trees can best be classified as:

Monocot

The relationship between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes can best be described as:

Mutualism

What term describes the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia?

Nitrogen fixation

Leaves attach to stems at _____ and the spaces between leaves are called _____.

Nodes, internodes

What layer of the leaf is the main layer where photosynthesis takes place?

Palisade layer

What type of ground tissue is the most common and helps store both food and water?

Parenchyma

Where does the development of lateral roots begin?

Pericycle

When people tap into trees to collect maple syrup, they are most likely trying to collect material from what type of tissue?

Phloem

The type of growth seen at the apical meristem is best known as _____ growth and will result in an increase in the _____ of the stem.

Primary, height

What is the purpose of the structure labeled #2 in this picture? study.com/cimages/multimages/16/1770242867_root.png

Protect other root tissues

In roots, where will new growth occur?

Root meristem

Insects often eat leaves and other plant structures in order to obtain nutrients such as sugar. Which location in a plant will most likely provide sugars for the insect because it is a part of the phloem?

Sieve tubes

The pressure flow hypothesis can be used to explain:

The movement of sugars from sources to sinks

Why does secondary growth occur in dicots and not in monocots?

The organization of vascular tissue in dicots allows for secondary growth.

The veins in a leaf contain tissue that is also known as:

The vascular bundle

When viewing a tree trunk, one observes that the rings vary in size. What causes some of these rings to be larger than others?

There is more growth of vascular cambium in years with plenty of water and nutrients.

Why are mosses, hornworts and liverworts small?

They lack vascular tissue to move food and water throughout the plant.

When the weather is very hot, what will happen to the stomata?

They will be closed to prevent water loss.

Occasionally, there is a strange illness that kills bees. What is a likely side effect of this disease on plants?

They will not be pollinated as much.

What is the purpose of root hairs?

To allow for increased absorption of water and nutrients

What is the purpose of the pollen tube?

To allow pollen to move from the stigma to the ovary for fertilization.

Why is the stigma generally sticky?

To capture pollen

The individual units of xylem that have tapered ends are called:

Tracheids

The release of water in plants, causing the change in water potential allowing for the movement of water in the xylem, is best known as:

Transpiration

What two factors are mainly responsible for the movement of water from the roots up through the leaves?

Transpiration and cohesion

What type of cell can produce more tissue to transport water in a tree?

Vascular cambium

Lateral roots help to increase the absorption of water and minerals. What structure must they remain connected to in order to ensure these materials are transported to the rest of the plant?

Vascular cylinder

The age of a tree can be determined by counting the number of rings. What structure are you looking at when you count these rings?

Xylem

Some flowers, such as daffodils and pansies, are often yellow in color. Which of the following is the most likely method of pollination? a. Bees b. Wind c. Birds d. Bats

a. Bees

Which best describes the arrangement of the xylem and phloem in a monocot plant? a. Paired bundles of xylem and phloem throughout the stem. b. Xylem on the inside of the stem in rings and phloem on the outside in rings. c. Paired bundles of xylem and phloem only in the center of the stem. d. Phloem on the inside of the stem in rings and xylem on the outside in rings.

a. Paired bundles of xylem and phloem throughout the stem.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sugar sink? a. Photosynthetic layer in leaves b. Developing buds c. Lengthening stem d. Growing meristematic region e. Storage roots

a. Photosynthetic layer in leaves

Which of the following structures is not found in the gynoecium whorl? a. Sepals b. Ovary c. Stigma d. Style e. Carpel

a. Sepals

Which of the following best describes the process of trees releasing water vapor? a. Condensation b. Transpiration c. Photosynthesis d. Respiration

b. Transpiration

Which of the following is the best analogy for the function of the root tip? a. Highway b. Instruction manual c. Hard hat d. Water tower e. School

c. Hard hat

Which of the following is the best example of a sugar source? a. Lateral root b. Stomata in leaves c. Mesophyll layer of leaves d. Growing stem e. Storage root

c. Mesophyll layer of leaves

Which of the following terms best describes when a grain of pollen from an anther is placed on a stigma? a. Elongation b. Evolution c. Pollination d. Fertilization e. Fixation

c. Pollination

The meristem produces tissues that later develop into more specialized mature structures. Which of the following correctly pairs the early tissue with the mature tissue? a. Protoderm - - - Vascular Tissue b. Protoderm - - - Ground Tissue c. Procambium - - - Vascular Tissue d. Procambium - - - Epidermis

c. Procambium - - - Vascular Tissue

Which of the following is true of vascular tissues in plants? a. Xylem generally transports water from the leaves to the roots and phloem generally transports food from the roots to the leaves. b. Xylem is made of living cells and phloem is made of non-living cells. c. Xylem is made of non-living cells and phloem is made of living cells. d. Xylem generally transports food from the leaves to the roots and phloem generally transports water from the roots to the leaves.

c. Xylem is made of non-living cells and phloem is made of living cells.

Which of the following correctly matches the root region with the process that occurs there? a. Elongation - cell creation b. Maturation - cell lengthening c. Meristem - cell maturation d. Elongation - cell division e. Meristem - cell division

e. Meristem - cell division

Which of the following correctly pairs the cell produced in the meristem region with its final mature structure? a. Procambium - epidermis b. Procambium - cortex c. Protoderm - ground tissue d. Protoderm - vascular tissue e. Protoderm - epidermis

e. Protoderm - epidermis

A certain plant develops incomplete flowers that do not have a scent. Which of the following is the most likely method of pollination? a. Bees b. Bats c. Birds d. Moths e. Wind

e. Wind

Earth's atmosphere is made up of several components including carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. About how much of the atmosphere is nitrogen?

80%

The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules is best described as:

Cohesion

Which structure associated with phloem carries out metabolic activities for the phloem?

Companion cells

What type of tissue prevents the loss of water from the plant stem following secondary growth?

Cork

What whorl in a flower contains the petals and attracts pollinators?

Corolla

Some roots are designed to store large amounts of sugars. In what part of the root are you most likely to find this sugar reserve?

Cortex