Biology PT Ch 4 & 5
Which of the following is absolutely necessary for diffusion to occur
A concentration difference between two areas
The breakdown or hydrolysis of ATP creates
ADP, a phosphate, and energy
Where are lysosomes produced
Golgi apparatus
Which cell organelle which is responsible for processing packaging and the secretion of proteins
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following statements about participants in a reaction would have to be about a component other than an enzyme
They are not reusable
Osmosis requires
a differentially permeable membrane
According to the fluid mosaic model, a cell membrane is assemble from
a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Cells are usually rather small. What does this ensure that they have
a sufficient surface area to volume ratio
From smallest to largest, what is the correct size order of the cytoskeletal fibers
actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
Which part of an enzyme binds to its substrate
active site
What process uses energy to move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
active transport
ATP is made up of
adenine, ribose, and three phosphates
How would cancer drugs, which disrupt microtubules in dividing cells, disturb a normal animal cell
affect the shape of the cell
What structure joins the cells in heart tissue together, so that the cells work in a coordinated fashion
anchoring junctions
You observe a cell that has lysosomes and a nucleus, but no chloroplasts. Based on these observations, you conclude that the cell is most likely of what kind
animal cell
A scientist observes a cell that has a cell wall and ribosomes but no ER or nucleus. Cell is most likely
bacterial cell
basic unit of structure and function for all life
cell
Why is the cell wall important when a plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution
cell wall prevents the cell from bursting
What is the cell structure marked "a" on the plant cell diagram?
central vacuole
Which structure can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell
central vacuole
What is the cell structure marked "e" on the animal cell diagram
centrioles
Which cytoskeletal structures on the lining of the respiratory tract are needed to sweep dust and debris away
cilia
Many enzymes require the presence of ___ which are nonprotein organic molecules in order to be active and work correctly
cofactors
When an inhibitor blocks the active site of an enzyme, this is referred to as
competitive inhibition
Which of the following parts is found in both plant and animal cells
cristae
What is the cell structure marked "d" on the plant cell diagram
cytoplasm
What does "B" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane
cytoskeleton
If a membrane only allows certain types of substances to go through, then the membrane is said to be what kind
differentially permeable
Chemical reactions that only occur if there is an input of energy are referred to as
endergonic reactions
Which organelle is physically connected to the nucleur envelope
endoplasmic reticulum
which theory states that the chloroplast and mitochondria are formed due to a eukaryotic cell engulfing prokaryotic cells
endosymbiosis theory
Which of the following states the First law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
This figure shows an enzyme in action. what does "c" represent
enzyme substrate complex
A biologist is studying the rate of chemical reactions. Which of the following molecules would be most useful to study
enzymes
Compared to prokaryotic cells, which of the following is true about eukaryotic cells
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
The hydrolysis reaction of ATP is called a __ reaction, because the process __
exergonic, gives off energy
What is the reverse process of endocytosis
exocytosis
When solute molecules pass through the membrane using a carrier protein, without any energy input, it is referred to as
facilitated diffusion
A substance that is being dissolved is known as a solvent
false
In mammalian species, what structure allows sperm to move
flagellum
During the process to move an organelle inside a celll the motor protein dynein must bind the organelle and use energy to walk along a microtubule tract. How is the energy to the dynein supplied
from the exergonic reaction of ATP breakdown
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will
gain water
What does "E" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane
glycolipid
What is the cell structure marked "c" on the animal cell diagram
golgi apparatus
Which of these would be performed by a part of the cell other than the cytoskeleton
help white blood cells break down bacteria that have been engulfed
What does "C' represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane
hydrophilic heads
which cytoskeletal structure is associated with its correct composition
intermediate filaments: ropes made of proteins
An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell
is same as inside the cell
If an eukaryotic cell lacked the Golgi apparatus which of the following would be true
it could not package any proteins
Which labelled cell structure would most likely contain digestive enzymes that are needed to break down engulfed debris
labelled d
What is the most important function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
lipid synthesis
What is the composition of a cell membrane
lipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will
lose water
Where inside an animal cell would engulfed bacteria, debris and macromolecules be broken down
lysosomes
Which cytoskeletal fibers are found in the internal structure of the cilia and flagella
microtubules
What is the cell structure marked "b" on the animal cell diagram
mitochondria
Where might lipids be synthesized outside the parts of the endomembrane system
mitochondria
Which organelle acts as the powerhouse of the cell
mitochondria
What is the function of secretory vesicles inside a cell
move proteins between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane
What is the function of transport vesicles inside a cell
move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
If a molecule binds to the "a" site and does not release, what would happen to the chemical reaction involving enzyme
no change in the enzyme action
A scientist studies a dark region inside the nucleus where RNA joins with ribosomes. Which structure is this
nucleolus
It would be a great surprise to find which of the following structures in a prokaryotic cell
nucleus
Which of these statements summarizes the Second Law of thermodynamics
one usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into a more useable form
Which of the following would not be an addition to cell theory
only eukaryotes are made of cells
Which of the following would be least likely to have a direct effect on the speed at which a given enzyme works
oxygen concentration
If you followed the breakdown of long chain fatty acids, in what organelle would they be acted on first, before final breakdown in the mitochondria
peroxisomes
Which process imports liquid and very small particles into cells
pinocytosis
Based on observations that a cell has a nucleus, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole, you can conclude that this cell is most likely a
plant cell
What are the membrane-lined channels that allow direct exchange of materials between two adjacent plant cells
plasmodesmata
Which of the following terms best describes stored energy
potential energy
As a rock rolls down a hill, which of the folowing statements would best explain what is occurring
potential energy decreases as kinetic energy increases
Since cyanide directly poisons mitochondria, what cell process does cyanide specifically harm
production of ATP molecules
Why are the cristae important in the inner membrane of mitochondria
provide larger surface area for ATP synthesis
Which is the correct association of a cell membrane protein type and its function
receptor proteins: have a binding site for a specific molecule
Which is the most important structure to be understood for an overall understanding of protein synthesis
ribosomes
Which structure would be found in large numbers inside cells that are producing lots of proteins
ribosomes
Where would be the highest concentration of ribosomes be found inside the cell
rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the cell structure marked "e" on the plant cell diagram
smooth ER
What is the function of the cell structure marked "a"
store water and wastes
This figure shows an enzyme in action. What does "A" represent
the active site
If a poison specifically destroyed the ribosomes of a cell, what is the main reason that the cell would die
the cell would not be able to make any new proteins
Generally, as a cell increases in size, how does the ratio of surface area to volume change
the volume increases more than the surface area
How can enzymes speed up chemical reactions
they lower the activation energy needed for the reaction
What is the function of the cell structure marked "b" on the plant cell diagram
to convert light energy into chemical molecules
What is the function of the cell structure marked "b" on the animal cell diagram
to make energy molecules
What is the function of the cell structure marked "a" on the animal cell diagram
to produce and modify new proteins
A cell lacking ATP would be able to run all endergonic reactions
true
Both plant and animal cells, at least some of each, have structures which join them together for communication
true
If an enzyme's was denatured, it would no longer bind efficiently with its substrate efficiently
true
Which of the following can be used to contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria
whether the organelle converts solar energy into cellular energy
