Biology PT Ch 4 & 5

Which of the following is absolutely necessary for diffusion to occur

A concentration difference between two areas

The breakdown or hydrolysis of ATP creates

ADP, a phosphate, and energy

Where are lysosomes produced

Golgi apparatus

Which cell organelle which is responsible for processing packaging and the secretion of proteins

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements about participants in a reaction would have to be about a component other than an enzyme

They are not reusable

Osmosis requires

a differentially permeable membrane

According to the fluid mosaic model, a cell membrane is assemble from

a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Cells are usually rather small. What does this ensure that they have

a sufficient surface area to volume ratio

From smallest to largest, what is the correct size order of the cytoskeletal fibers

actin filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

Which part of an enzyme binds to its substrate

active site

What process uses energy to move a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

active transport

ATP is made up of

adenine, ribose, and three phosphates

How would cancer drugs, which disrupt microtubules in dividing cells, disturb a normal animal cell

affect the shape of the cell

What structure joins the cells in heart tissue together, so that the cells work in a coordinated fashion

anchoring junctions

You observe a cell that has lysosomes and a nucleus, but no chloroplasts. Based on these observations, you conclude that the cell is most likely of what kind

animal cell

A scientist observes a cell that has a cell wall and ribosomes but no ER or nucleus. Cell is most likely

bacterial cell

basic unit of structure and function for all life

cell

Why is the cell wall important when a plant cell is placed into a hypotonic solution

cell wall prevents the cell from bursting

What is the cell structure marked "a" on the plant cell diagram?

central vacuole

Which structure can occupy up to 90% of the volume in a plant cell

central vacuole

What is the cell structure marked "e" on the animal cell diagram

centrioles

Which cytoskeletal structures on the lining of the respiratory tract are needed to sweep dust and debris away

cilia

Many enzymes require the presence of ___ which are nonprotein organic molecules in order to be active and work correctly

cofactors

When an inhibitor blocks the active site of an enzyme, this is referred to as

competitive inhibition

Which of the following parts is found in both plant and animal cells

cristae

What is the cell structure marked "d" on the plant cell diagram

cytoplasm

What does "B" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane

cytoskeleton

If a membrane only allows certain types of substances to go through, then the membrane is said to be what kind

differentially permeable

Chemical reactions that only occur if there is an input of energy are referred to as

endergonic reactions

Which organelle is physically connected to the nucleur envelope

endoplasmic reticulum

which theory states that the chloroplast and mitochondria are formed due to a eukaryotic cell engulfing prokaryotic cells

endosymbiosis theory

Which of the following states the First law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed

This figure shows an enzyme in action. what does "c" represent

enzyme substrate complex

A biologist is studying the rate of chemical reactions. Which of the following molecules would be most useful to study

enzymes

Compared to prokaryotic cells, which of the following is true about eukaryotic cells

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

The hydrolysis reaction of ATP is called a __ reaction, because the process __

exergonic, gives off energy

What is the reverse process of endocytosis

exocytosis

When solute molecules pass through the membrane using a carrier protein, without any energy input, it is referred to as

facilitated diffusion

A substance that is being dissolved is known as a solvent

false

In mammalian species, what structure allows sperm to move

flagellum

During the process to move an organelle inside a celll the motor protein dynein must bind the organelle and use energy to walk along a microtubule tract. How is the energy to the dynein supplied

from the exergonic reaction of ATP breakdown

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will

gain water

What does "E" represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane

glycolipid

What is the cell structure marked "c" on the animal cell diagram

golgi apparatus

Which of these would be performed by a part of the cell other than the cytoskeleton

help white blood cells break down bacteria that have been engulfed

What does "C' represent in the diagram of the plasma membrane

hydrophilic heads

which cytoskeletal structure is associated with its correct composition

intermediate filaments: ropes made of proteins

An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell

is same as inside the cell

If an eukaryotic cell lacked the Golgi apparatus which of the following would be true

it could not package any proteins

Which labelled cell structure would most likely contain digestive enzymes that are needed to break down engulfed debris

labelled d

What is the most important function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lipid synthesis

What is the composition of a cell membrane

lipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol

A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will

lose water

Where inside an animal cell would engulfed bacteria, debris and macromolecules be broken down

lysosomes

Which cytoskeletal fibers are found in the internal structure of the cilia and flagella

microtubules

What is the cell structure marked "b" on the animal cell diagram

mitochondria

Where might lipids be synthesized outside the parts of the endomembrane system

mitochondria

Which organelle acts as the powerhouse of the cell

mitochondria

What is the function of secretory vesicles inside a cell

move proteins between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane

What is the function of transport vesicles inside a cell

move proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus

If a molecule binds to the "a" site and does not release, what would happen to the chemical reaction involving enzyme

no change in the enzyme action

A scientist studies a dark region inside the nucleus where RNA joins with ribosomes. Which structure is this

nucleolus

It would be a great surprise to find which of the following structures in a prokaryotic cell

nucleus

Which of these statements summarizes the Second Law of thermodynamics

one usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into a more useable form

Which of the following would not be an addition to cell theory

only eukaryotes are made of cells

Which of the following would be least likely to have a direct effect on the speed at which a given enzyme works

oxygen concentration

If you followed the breakdown of long chain fatty acids, in what organelle would they be acted on first, before final breakdown in the mitochondria

peroxisomes

Which process imports liquid and very small particles into cells

pinocytosis

Based on observations that a cell has a nucleus, a cell wall, and a large central vacuole, you can conclude that this cell is most likely a

plant cell

What are the membrane-lined channels that allow direct exchange of materials between two adjacent plant cells

plasmodesmata

Which of the following terms best describes stored energy

potential energy

As a rock rolls down a hill, which of the folowing statements would best explain what is occurring

potential energy decreases as kinetic energy increases

Since cyanide directly poisons mitochondria, what cell process does cyanide specifically harm

production of ATP molecules

Why are the cristae important in the inner membrane of mitochondria

provide larger surface area for ATP synthesis

Which is the correct association of a cell membrane protein type and its function

receptor proteins: have a binding site for a specific molecule

Which is the most important structure to be understood for an overall understanding of protein synthesis

ribosomes

Which structure would be found in large numbers inside cells that are producing lots of proteins

ribosomes

Where would be the highest concentration of ribosomes be found inside the cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum

What is the cell structure marked "e" on the plant cell diagram

smooth ER

What is the function of the cell structure marked "a"

store water and wastes

This figure shows an enzyme in action. What does "A" represent

the active site

If a poison specifically destroyed the ribosomes of a cell, what is the main reason that the cell would die

the cell would not be able to make any new proteins

Generally, as a cell increases in size, how does the ratio of surface area to volume change

the volume increases more than the surface area

How can enzymes speed up chemical reactions

they lower the activation energy needed for the reaction

What is the function of the cell structure marked "b" on the plant cell diagram

to convert light energy into chemical molecules

What is the function of the cell structure marked "b" on the animal cell diagram

to make energy molecules

What is the function of the cell structure marked "a" on the animal cell diagram

to produce and modify new proteins

A cell lacking ATP would be able to run all endergonic reactions

true

Both plant and animal cells, at least some of each, have structures which join them together for communication

true

If an enzyme's was denatured, it would no longer bind efficiently with its substrate efficiently

true

Which of the following can be used to contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria

whether the organelle converts solar energy into cellular energy