Biology Review

What is circadian rhythm?

24 hour molecular clock

What would be the mRNA formed from the following template DNA strand? 5'-AGC TGG-3'

5' UCG ACC 3'

What is genetic drift in regards to evolution?

A game of chance/luck. Change in allele frequency in a population

What compound is both an input and an output of glycolysis?

ADP & NAD+

What cells secrete antibodies?

B cells

What is a cell?

Basic unit of life

How does hemoglobin demonstrate cooperativity?

Because it sets off the chain reaction of affinity from the first ligand to the next

Why do Venus flytraps eat insects?

Because they need the nitrogen from the insects

What is the benefit of being multicellular?

Division of labor

The antigen-binding region of an antibody is formed by the ____.

End of the light chains

What is the function of tRNA?

It carries an amino acid to ribosome and loads it via anticodon-codon pairing on mRNA

What is the effect of drought to guard cells?

It closes the stomata

Why is the secondary immune response more effective than the primary response?

It produces a faster and larger response. This caused by memory B cells which allows many new B cells to be produced quickly.

What would happen to an ob/ob mouse if joined with an db/db mouse?

It would die because db/db mice doesn't have the leptin receptors to start the lipostat.

What is quorum sensing in bacteria?

It's when the bacteria reaches a threshold (or quorum) which causes them to sync their behavior together.

What structures increase the cell surface area?

Microvilli

Which one of these is needed for glycolysis to proceed?

NAD+ and ATP

In the fear pathway, PKA phosphorylates glycogen synthase resulting in ______.

No new glycogen

What is the purpose of the refractory period in regards to action potentials?

So that way it does not goes backwards.

How is ATP generated in the electron transport chain?

The ATP synthase uses the gradient of protons to make ATP. While the complexes keep the gradient by pumping the protons from the matrix back into the intermembrane.

What is diffusion?

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What is the first event in Krebs cycle?

The pyruvate gets oxidized to acetly-coA.

Lactose operon is ____ unless _____ is present.

Useless,

Proteins are made out of ________.

amino acids

What is the purpose of biofilm?

an extracellular matrix of sugars and proteins that form a protective layer.

Prokaryotic cells reproduce via ___________.

binary fission

Which part of the gene carries the information for translation.

mRNA

What is the main purpose of meiosis?

make gametes

What are extremophiles?

organisms that grow under extreme conditions

What are allergens?

substances that activate allergies

Which of the following delivers amino acids to the ribosome?

tRNA