biology set

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR?

"General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Your patient, a 24-year-old male with a history of diabetes, presents with symptoms of a headache with some dizziness and shakiness in his hands. His skin is cool and a small amount of sweat is visible on the patient's forehead. Which blood glucose value would be consistent with this patient's symptoms?

54

A 49-year-old male complains of severe right upper quadrant abdominal pain and nausea. He appears jaundiced with yellow tinting of the sclera. The patient says he has a history of metastatic prostate cancer and he will start chemotherapy treatments next week. The patient's skin is warm and he is slightly hypotensive, with a blood pressure of 98/60. All other vital signs are within normal ranges. You would suspect the patient has:

Hepatitis

A 26-year-old female is in cardiac arrest. You have started CPR when the victim's mother tells you the woman is pregnant in her second trimester. Your partner lays the AED next to you and says paramedics are responding to your location. The next step is to:

Stop CPR and use the AED like you would with any other adult victim.

Your patient with facial burns was talking clearly a few minutes ago, but his voice now seems to be developing some hoarseness. What is happening to the patient's airway?

Swelling is building up in and around the larynx and vocal cords.

Subcutaneous emphysema is an indication that:

air is escaping into the chest wall from a damaged lung.

The MOST significant complication associated with facial injuries is:

airway compromise.

Esophageal varices typically occurs in patients with a history of:

alcohol abuse.

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who, according to his wife, experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he has hypertension and diabetes. He has MOST likely experienced:

an occluded cerebral artery.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________.

anaphylactic shock

The cardiac valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta is the:

aortic valve

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

During two-rescuer CPR on an adult, how often should ventilations (breaths) be given once an advanced airway is in place?

once every 6 to 8 seconds (8 to 10 breaths per minute)

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar- capillary membrane.

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends mostly on the:

size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

An AED should be used on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if:

the AED has pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device available for use.

Your patient, a 54-year-old female who is homeless, says she has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. The patient says that she has been tired, sweaty, and has no appetite. She thinks she caught the flu a few weeks ago when she was in jail. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from

tuberculosis

When should an APGAR assessment be completed on a newborn?

1 and 5 minutes after delivery

The total maximum amount of nitroglycerin an EMT may administer to a patient is:

1.2 mg

A conscious adult patient presents with red, painful skin on the entire back and the entire posterior of both legs after a day at the beach. Using the Rule of Nines, how much of the body surface area is burned?

36%

Which of the following patients should be urgently routed to a CSC or PSC?

A 54-year-old female with new-onset ALOC and a BP of 196/118.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve-mask ventilation in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

This photo shows:

An auto-injector that likely is ready for use with a pediatric patient.

An 87-year-old male nursing home patient is experiencing a dry cough and mild fever. The nursing staff tells you that the patient was recently admitted to their facility, and they would like the patient to be transported to the nearest emergency room for an evaluation for COVID-19. Your care for the patient should include:

Applying an N95 or surgical mask, gown, gloves, and eye protection before entering the patient's room.

Which of the following is a component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?

Arm drift

Which of these is most appropriate to communicate with a patient who does not speak English?

Ask for assistance from a person who can translate.

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

You are assisting a 19-year-old who is in active labor. As the newborn's head delivers, you observe a nuchal cord is present. Your next action is to:

Attempt to slip the cord over the infant's head.

A 55-year-old man has a deep laceration on his calf with dark red blood steadily flowing from the wound. The man's wife explains that he was cutting the top of a coconut off with a machete when the large knife glanced off and hit him in the leg. "You and your partner get the hell out of here. I don't want your help!" he says. You begin treating the wound with a large bulky dressing. Your actions are considered:

Battery

Which of the following has the MOST significant impact on regulation of breathing?

Carbon dioxide levels

Firefighters have forced their way into a home to rescue an unresponsive male. They have pulled the man from the residence when you arrive to the scene. The man is still unresponsive. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

Carbon monoxide poisoning

The five sections of the spinal column, in descending order, are the:

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal.

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

A 33-year-old male sustained an abdominal evisceration to the left lower quadrant of his abdomen after he was cut with a large knife. After appropriately managing his ABCs and assessing him for other life- threatening injuries, how you should care for his wound?

Cover it with moist, sterile gauze and secure with an occlusive dressing or other protective covering.

A 54-year-old male has been experiencing progressively worsening abdominal pain and nausea before seeking help. When asked about his medical history, he hands you a prescription bottle. Based on the information from the medication label below, this patient has a history of:

DM II

You are at a local hospital to transport an 82-year-old male who is being discharged to a hospice care center. The nurse tells you the patient has a DNR order in his medical chart, and the receiving nurse already has taken all the patient's paperwork to the hospice center. During the transport, your patient goes into full cardiac arrest. The correct action is to:

Do not perform CPR and continue the non-emergency transfer by taking the patient to the hospice care center.

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence?

Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

While doing Parkour, a 22-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a roof and landed on his feet. He complains of sharp pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine.

A 50-year-old man with diabetes has an altered mental status and is unable to tell you when he last ate or took his insulin. He is dizzy, nauseous, and has a fruity odor on his breath. You do not have a glucometer and you are unable to determine the patient's blood glucose level. Your best actions are to:

Ensure ALS is responding, administer supplemental oxygen, and obtain a set of vital signs.

A patient with a persistent cough informs your partner that he has tested positive for HIV. On the basis of this information, your partner refuses to treat the patient. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?

Ethically unacceptable

You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do?

Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.

Which of these most accurately describes a patient with two or more adjacent ribs fractured in two or more places?

Flail segment

What is the route of administration for an epinephrine auto-injector (Epi-Pen)?

Intramuscular

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane

Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct?

It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

Emergency treatment for a rattlesnake bite includes: Keeping the bite victim calm and cleaning the wound. Rushing the bite victim to the closest trauma center. Making an attempt to suck the venom from the wound. Applying a tourniquet just above the site of the bite.

Keeping the bite victim calm and cleaning the wound.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is "sick." The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful blister on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip 2 days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Lyme disease.

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause?

Obstructive

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?

Pale, cool, and clammy skin

The difference between a surgical mask and a filtering respirator (N- 95) is:

Properly worn, a ltering respirator provides reliable protection from inhaling smaller airborne particles and aerosols.

You respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion when the pain woke him up. He also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. His vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse, 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. He is still complaining of chest pain. What actions should you take to intervene?

Provide high-ow oxygen, confirm ALS is enroute to your location, and monitor the patient's vital signs.

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should you suspect?

Pulmonary embolism

A 23-year-old male was water skiing when he fell. The driver of the boat reports that when he circled back to where he thought the patient was, but overshot the location and ran the patient over with the boat. The patient is conscious and oriented but in obvious distress. You see that his right leg has been nearly amputated above the knee. There is uncontrolled bleeding from the leg despite the efforts of bystanders trying to control the bleeding by wrapping the wound with towels and applying direct pressure. Your next action is to:

Remove the towels and apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound.

Use the infographic to answer the following question. The safest direction to approach or depart from the aircraft when loading or unloading a patient is from which side?

Side A

You have treated a 9-year-old boy for an open fracture of the forearm with copious blood loss. You have successfully controlled the bleeding using bulky dressings and direct pressure. The child is alert and oriented and all vitals are normal. You have splinted the arm and are prepared for transport. Your next consideration for this patient is:

The risk of rapid decompensation into hypovolemic shock.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V- fib) is correct?

V-b results in an absence of forward blood ow.

A 4-year-old child was accidentally backed over by a vehicle in a driveway. The child is unresponsive, apneic, and has an obvious crushing chest injury. As you are ventilating the patient with a bag-mask device, you detect an increasing resistance to the ventilations. Your next action is to:

Verify that the airway is open and suction the oropharynx if necessary.

To minimize long-term complications, a patient experiencing signs and symptoms of an acute stroke should be treated:

Within 3 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms.

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

In which of the following situations will you most likely conduct a head- to-toe physical examination?

a 33-year old woman who has been drinking alcohol and fallen down a ight of stairs.

Of the following patients, which one DOES NOT need transport to a specialized emergency department?

a 41-year-old female with a history of diabetes and acute hyperglycemia.

To which patient should you administer oral glucose?

a 52-year-old female who tells you that she is feeling dizzy and shaky.

You are dispatched to an assisted living center for a 70-year-old male with an altered level of consciousness. The patient's wife states he has been confused for the last several hours. The patient has slurred speech and left-sided weakness. You should suspect:

a cerebrovascular accident.

A 4-year-old male has fallen out of a second-floor window to the ground. The patient is unconscious, unresponsive, and has shallow breathing. You are assisting ventilations with a bag-mask device when you observe clear fluid running from the patient's right ear. The presence of the clear fluid indicates:

a likely basilar skull fracture.

For which of these patients is an oropharyngeal airway contraindicated?

a patient with a suspected jaw fracture who is alert and responsive.

All of the following are signs of possible abuse or neglect, EXCEPT:

a person who states they are depressed and suicidal because of events at home.

A 3-year-old male patient is experiencing severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low-grade fever for the past two days. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath and has a barking cough. Based on this information, the patient most likely has:

a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record indicates a medical history of:

abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Your patient is a 27-year-old female with a history Down's syndrome and diabetes. Her home-care nurse advises you that she has noted the patient having excessive urination and increasing weakness for the past two days. Her last assessment of the patient's blood glucose level, taken 10 minutes prior to your arrival, read 320 mg/dL You apply 100% oxygen. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will most likely develop:

acidosis and dehydration.

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status.

Question 91 A 59-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

A 4-year-old female is found unconscious by her sister. The patient has a history of diabetes and has been treated for hypoglycemia in the past. Your actions should include:

administering 100% oxygen and rapid transport to the closest EDAP.

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is clinging to her mother. The child is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and a weak, hoarse cry. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, he is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding from his groin. You quickly expose the injury site and see the bleeding is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should next:

apply direct pressure to the wound with a bulky dressing.

During your visual inspection of a 19-year-old patient in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. Your immediate action is to:

apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers.

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should:

apply oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask.

A 5-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. His parents were able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. Your first action is to:

assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations.

You are assessing a 25-year-old woman who is 39 weeks pregnant. She is experiencing regular contractions that are approximately 3 minutes apart and states that her amniotic sac broke 2 hours ago. After taking the standard precautions, you should:

assess the patient for crowning.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After confirming ALS is responding and administering supplemental oxygen, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

You and your partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

assisting ventilations, requesting ALS, and administering naloxone.

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection.

attempt cooling measures, oer oxygen, and transport.

you are assessing a 540-lb man who complains of shortness of breath and lower back pain. The patient is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 148/98 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 120 beats/min. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

avoid placing him in a supine position if possible and administer oxygen.

To obtain an accurate medical history when assessing an elderly patient, you must:

be patient and have eective communication skills.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall:

becomes engorged with blood.

Your patient is a 47-year-old female inmate at the local jail. The inmate was found unresponsive in her cell and jail staff has rolled her into a supine position. Her airway is clear, and the patient has rapid and shallow respirations. The pulse oximeter (SpO2) reads 90%. Your next action should be to:

begin positive-pressure ventilations using a bag-mask device.

To determine if CPR is indicated for an unresponsive patient less than one year of age, you should assess the:

brachial pulse.

Patients with rib fractures will commonly:

breathe rapidly and shallowly.

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

A 22-year-old male is suspected of having overdosed on Dilaudid. He is unconscious with slow, shallow breathing and pinpoint pupils. Your partner is ventilating the patient with a bag-mask device. You should:

confirm ALS is responding and prepare to administer 2 mg naloxone if available.

While transporting a stable patient with chest pain to the hospital, you come across a major motor-vehicle crash involving several critically injured patients. Your most appropriate action should be to:

continue transporting your patient and notify the dispatcher of the crash.

The onset of labor begins with:

contractions of the uterus.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing but is bleeding significantly from the wound.

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

A 40-year-old male was in his woodworking shop when he felt a sudden, sharp pain in his left eye. Your assessment reveals a small splinter of wood embedded in his cornea.

cover both of his eyes and transport to the hospital.

Your patient is a 25-year-old female who is severely hypothermic after having plunged into an icy river. Although she was rescued after only a few minutes in the water, she is showing a diminished level of responsiveness. Your care should include:

covering the patient in blankets and turning up the heat in the ambulance.

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup

When treating a heat exposure patient with hot, dry skin and an altered mental status, treatment should be directed toward:

decreasing the patient's body temperature slowly and methodically.

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing: alcohol-induced schizophrenia.

delirium tremens.

You are caring for a 15-year-old female experiencing pregnancy- related complications. She is clearly under significant stress and is crying uncontrollably. Your most appropriate action would be to:

demonstrate courtesy and speak with a professional tone of voice.

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression

A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. As your partner is applying oxygen, it is most important for you to:

determine the onset of the symptoms.

A 13-year-old child is on a home ventilator. The parents called because the mechanical ventilator is malfunctioning and the child has increasing respiratory distress. You should:

disconnect the ventilator and manually ventilate the patient from the tracheostomy.

You have responded to a 24-year old male who is suspected of overdosing on fentanyl. Small amounts of white powder are visible on the patient's face. After resuscitating the patient using a bag-mask device and transferring care to an advanced provider, EMS providers should:

dispose of all PPE in a biohazardous waste bag and wash with soap and water.

You are in a parking lot when you hear gunshots and see three men running out of a jewelry store. One of the men has a large hammer and the other two are holding pistols. As they get into a car, you hear someone from inside the jewelry store saying they have been shot. You should immediately:

duck down or look for a safe place to hide.

A 4-month-old boy was found unresponsive in his crib. The babysitter said she went to wake the baby to feed, but the infant was lethargic and his eyes were rolled back. Your initial assessment is that the infant is still unconscious. He has a palpable pulse of 50 beats per minute and shallow, irregular respirations. Your next action should be to:

ensure ALS is responding and begin chest compressions.

A 61-year old male is complaining of confusion, dizziness, nausea, and disorientation. He has a medical alert tag that reads "DIABETIC / HEART / COPD." His friend says they were meeting for lunch when the patient started feeling weak and 9-1-1 was called. Your next action should be to:

ensure ALS is responding and prepare to take a blood glucose reading if a glucometer is available.

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to the hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:

ensure that the patient is competent and completes the required documentation, and then leave her in the care of her family.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is:

epinephrine

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization.

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. After managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, your next step is to:

fully immobilize her spine.

As the first arriving emergency responder at the scene of a suspected terrorist or WMD incident, you should request additional resources as needed and then:

function as the incident commander until additional personnel arrive.

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

gives an oral report to the attending physician or nurse.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury exposing the brain, and the patient has massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should:

have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

Naloxone (Narcan) has been proven to be effective in treating the effects of which of the following street drugs?

heroin

While jogging, a 49-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He Is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest. You should:

immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam.

You are treating a 6-year-old male who, according to family members, had a prolonged seizure without regaining consciousness. Your initial assessment reveals that the patient is pulseless and apneic. You should immediately:

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his 14-year-old daughter unconscious on the couch. The patient is unresponsive, has a respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min with reduced tidal volume, and a heart rate of 40 beats/min and weak. The father hands you an empty bottle of Vicodin, which is prescribed to him. He tells you that he just had the prescription refilled the day before. You should immediately:

initiate ventilatory assistance.

After spiking a bag of IV fluid for the paramedic, you notice that the drip chamber is too full. You should:

invert the IV bag and squeeze the drip chamber.

A factory worker was splashed in the eyes with a strong acid chemical. He complains of intense pain and blurred vision. You should:

irrigate both eyes continuously for 20 minutes with normal saline or plain water.

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

is wrapped around the baby's neck.

When a light is shone into the pupil:

it should become smaller in size.

A 14-year-old female appears to have dislocated her patella while playing soccer. The patient has a palpable pedal pulse. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain. You should:

keep her knee exed and secure it with padded board splints.

When documenting a call in which a female was sexually assaulted, you should:

keep the report concise and record only what the patient stated in her own words.

You walk into a public restroom and see a young woman sitting on the floor. You tap and shout to get her attention, but she is unresponsive. The woman is taking slow, snoring breaths, and you can see there is a small syringe stuck in the woman's arm. Your next action is to:

lay the woman on her back and assess her airway and breathing.

A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that he has significant swelling of the lower extremities, abdominal distention, and his skin is jaundiced. You should suspect:

liver dysfunction.

You arrive at a residence where an 11-year-old boy was found unconscious in his front yard at the base of a tree. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find the child in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your first action should be to:

log roll him as a unit to a supine position, palpate for a carotid pulse and look for signs of spontaneous respirations.

The purpose of a saline lock is to:

maintain an active IV site without running uids through the vein.

You receive a call to a residence, where a neighbor has found the resident, a 40-year-old female, semiconscious on her living room floor. During your assessment, you discover a bottle of Dilantin on a nearby table. You should be suspicious that this patient:

may have a seizure disorder.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 26- year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note an improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor the patient closely and recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side eects of epinephrine.

The first step in the START triage system is to:

move all walking patients to a designated area.

Angina pectoris occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply.

You are caring for a conscious, confused patient with left-sided hemiparalysis. His airway is patent and his respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume. Treatment for this patient should include:

oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask, left lateral recumbent position, and transport.

A complaint of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may indicate which of the following conditions?

pelvic inammatory disease

A 7-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes

performing a series of abdominal thrusts.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is:

perfusion

A 43-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. The preferred treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

You are caring for a 25-year-old female with acute left lower quadrant pain. She is conscious and alert and in obvious pain. Her blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg, pulse is 100 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 24 and unlabored. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

place her in a comfortable position.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, you note that she has become hypotensive and complains of dizziness. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her supine and elevate her legs.

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

place the patient on her side, administer high-ow oxygen and transport.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

plasma

Respiratory complications in the pediatric population are LEAST LIKELY caused by:

pleural effusion

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respiration in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

positive-pressure ventilations.

You are called for a 40-year-old female with a severe headache. She is 32 weeks pregnant. The patient states that she is also experiencing nausea, blurred vision and has noted swelling in her face and hands. Her blood pressure is 156/96. The patient is most likely experiencing:

preeclampsia

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

A 37-year-old man with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. His skin is cool, pale, and clammy; his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and his blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect his airway from aspiration.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31- year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should first:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the patient, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to:

provide emotional support regarding her sister.

A 37-year-old man was kicked in the chest by a horse. He collapsed and is confused and lethargic. His breathing is labored at 28 breaths/min. His pulse is rapid and regular, and you are able to palpate a radial pulse. On examining his chest, you observe the paradoxical movement of the right chest wall. You should next:

provide ventilations with a bag-mask device.

Upon delivery of the baby's head, you note that its face is encased in the unruptured amniotic sac. You should:

puncture the sac and suction the baby's airway.

After hiking on a hot summer day with temperatures over 100 degrees, a 38-year-old man is weak and dizzy, and has vomited twice. He is confused, slurring his words as he talks to you. His skin is hot to the touch and he has a rapid pulse. Treatment for this patient includes:

rapid cooling by placing cold packs against the man's groin, armpits and sides of the neck

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed metered-dose inhaler, you should:

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:

recovery position and transport.

A 42-year-old man fell from a ladder while removing a beehive from a tree. The man is lying unresponsive on the ground and has a severe angulation of his left lower leg. The hive is on the ground next to him and a swarm of bees is surrounding the area. You should:

remain at a safe distance and request additional assistance with the bee swarm.

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is slow and labored with cyanosis around the patient's lips. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, the patient begins to gag violently. Your next action is to:

remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx.

A 63-year-old female is in cardiac arrest. When you go to apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed.

remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by

respiratory arrest

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

You are first on scene to a call for a child who has drowned in a swimming pool. Upon arrival, two family members approach you yelling, swearing, and demanding to know what took so long. One of the family members shoves you forcefully. You should next:

retreat to a place of safety and request immediate assistance from law enforcement.

A 70-year-old female was recently discharged from the hospital following a total hip replacement. Today, she presents with restlessness, tachycardia, and blood pressure of 100/64 mm Hg. Her skin is hot and moist. You should be MOST suspicious that she is experiencing:

septic shock.

the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. an infant's head should be placed in a exed position to prevent obstruction. assisted ventilation in infants often needs to be forceful to inate their lungs.

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

A 27-year-old construction worker has fallen from a second-story scaffold and landed on his back. His airway is open and he is drifting in and out of consciousness. Your assessment reveals no bleeding or blood loss. His vital signs are BP: 90/60; Pulse: 110; Respirations: 18 and clear. This patient is most at risk for what type of shock?

spinal shock.

A 30-year-old male was stabbed in the abdomen during an assault. The knife is impaled in his right lower abdominal quadrant. To protect against further injury, you should:

stabilize the knife in place with bulky dressings.

When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:

start at the lower lung elds and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.

You are caring for a 3-year-old child with a history of cerebral palsy and lung problems. The child is cyanotic and lethargic, responding to painful stimuli. The patient has copious secretions and mucus in his airway. Your next action is to:

suction the patient's airway to clear the secretions.

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST LIKELY be masked by:

swelling

You are triaging patients at the scene of a multiple-vehicle crash when you encounter a young male who is unresponsive and is not breathing. After you open his airway, he begins to breathe at a rapid rate. According to the START triage system, you should:

tag him as immediate (red), place him in the recovery position, and move to the next patient.

A 12-year-old female was stung by a bee a few minutes ago. The patient has removed the stinger and is complaining of pain at the sting site. She has swelling, redness, warmth, and itching at the sting site. Her vital signs are BP 104/72, Pulse 77, and respirations of 16 and clear. Her mother hands you the child's epinephrine auto-injector. You will next:

take the Epi-Pen, ask if the child has had an allergic reaction to bee stings previously, and monitor the patient for signs of anaphylaxis.

A 77-year-old female presents with an acute onset of altered mental status. Her son is present and advises that she has a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. He further advises that she takes numerous medications and that she is normally alert. When you assess this patient, it is important to note that:

the acute onset of AMS suggests a new health problem.

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to:

the emergency department receiving nurse or doctor

The second stage of labor ends when:

the newborn is fully expelled from the birth canal.

Prompt transport of a patient with a suspected AMI is important because:

the patient may be eligible to receive thrombolytic therapy.

You are transporting a pregnant 23-year-old female from an urgent care center to a local hospital for admission to the obstetrical (OB) department. The transferring physician tells he suspects that patient may have an abruptio placenta. This means:

the placenta is prematurely separating from the uterine wall.

A condition where severe force or weight is placed upon the thorax, forcing blood from the right atrium into the circulation of the head and neck is known as:

traumatic asphyxia

A 13-year-old girl was involved in a low-speed bicycle accident. The only injury she has is a puncture wound where the bicycle kickstand has impaled her leg. The MOST appropriate method for treating this injury is to:

unbolt the kickstand from the bike frame and stabilize it with bulky dressings.

Abdominal thrusts in a conscious child or adult with a severe upper airway obstruction are performed:

until he or she loses consciousness.

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT:

venous bleeding from the scalp.

A 6-year-old girl has been bitten by a large dog. The child is crying uncontrollably as the mother is trying to comfort her daughter. There is blood covering the right side of the child's head, and part of her right ear is completely avulsed. You have controlled bleeding and the patient's mother hands you the avulsed tissue. Your best action is to:

wrap the skin in a moist, sterile dressing, place it in a plastic bag, and keep the tissue cool.