Biology Succession

If there is no soil there is no ________.

Community

What enriches the sand during primary succession?

Dead lichens and waste materials of decomposers.

What breaks down lichens?

Decomposers

What happens to sand for it become soil?

Enough nutrients enter it.

True or false? There must be no organics in the soil for secondary succession?

False.

In the beginning of primary succession what is the ground made of?

Rock, sand, and volcanic ash.

Over many years lichens break down rocks into what?

Sand

When a forest is cut down to make pencils what type of succession will occur?

Secondary

When a side walk is paved and grass pokes through the cracks what type of succession has occurred?

Secondary

When there is a fire what type of succession will occur?

Secondary

Which takes less time primary succession or secondary succession?

Secondary

What follows grasses and flowers in primary succession?

Shrubs and softwood trees.

What can grow in new soil?

Simple plants like mosses.

As lichens grow larger some will _____.

die

What is succession?

1. Succession is the natural, gradual changes of species that live in an area. 2. The gradual replacement of one plant community by another trough natural processes over time.

What are lichens known as?

A pioneer species.

What are the steps of secondary succession?

After a disturbance to an existing ecosystem pioneer species quickly grow in full sunlight, they are mostly weeds and grasses. Then perennials start to grow from blown in seeds they live for multiple years. Tree seedlings that can grow in full sunlight (pine trees, conifers) also begin to grow. Pine trees now dominate the landscape. Deciduous trees can now begin to germinate in the shade beneath the pine trees. After a while deciduous trees dominate the landscape and the shade that they produce kills off the pine tree seedlings. The climax community has now developed.

What is an ecosystem?

An ecosystem refers to the biotic and abiotic components of an area.

A climax community is the (first/ final) stage of ecological succession.

Final

What follows herbs and weeds in primary succession?

Grasses and flowers.

What follows soft wood trees in primary succession?

Hardwood trees.

What follows moss in primary succession?

Herbs and weeds.

What are the steps of primary succession?

Lichens begin growing on rocks, then over many years lichens, erosion and weathering break down rock into sand. The lichens grow larger and some die. Then decomposers break down the dead lichens enriching the sand. Once enough nutrients enter the sand it becomes soil. Seeds are then blown into the soil by the wind or carried there by animals or water. Simple plants like mosses can grow in the new soil. As the mosses die they enrich the soil to allow the next plants to thrive. Eventually trees begin to grow the environment become a climax community.

What is the first step of primary succession?

Lichens begin growing on rocks.

A climax community is a ________ and _________ community.

Mature and stable.

Do lichens need soil to survive?

No

How many can there be in the soil for primary succession to happen?

None

What happens after the climax community stage of succession has been reached?

Nothing climax communities are the final stage of succession.

What are some examples of soft wood trees?

Pine trees, and most evergreen trees.

What type of succession occurs when a sand dune becomes a wooded area?

Primary

When there is a volcano eruption what type of succession will happen?

Primary

When there is glacial retreat what type of succession will happen?

Primary

Which type of succession occurs in a place without soil?

Primary

What are the two main types of ecological succession?

Primary and secondary

What is primary succession?

The process of crating life in an ate where no life previously existed.

What is secondary succession?

The process of re-stabilization that follows a disturbance in an area where life has formed an ecosystem.

What happens as mosses die?

The soil gets enriched.

How do seeds enter soil.

The wind, being carried by animals, and water.

How are ecosystems established and re-established?

Through succession.

What are hardwood trees?

Trees such as oak and maple.

__________ and ____________ break down rock into sand.

Weathering and erosion

Where does secondary succession take place?

Where an ecosystem and soil previously existed.