Biology Test 2

How many CO2 molecules are needed for a plant to make one sucrose molecule?

12

How many CO2 molecules are released by a single pyruvate molecule during aerobic respiration?

3

An unfavorable reaction that occurs along with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi is an example of ________.

A coupled reaction

Chemiosmosis drives _______ and occurs in _______.

ATP formation; the mitochondrion and the chloroplast

Occurs in anaerobic yeast cells but not aerobic yeast cells.

Alcoholic fermentation

Which organism below is capable of aerobic respiration?

All of these organisms are capable of of aerobic respiration.

This is the location of the Calvin Cycle.

Chloroplast stroma

The molecule that links together Okazaki fragments during DNA replication is

DNA Ligase

Links two pieces of DNA together.

DNA ligase

Which pathway or reaction is common in both aerobic respiration and alcohol fermentation?

Glycolysis

During vigorous exercise, anaerobic muscle cells produce _______ and gain _______.

Lactate; ATP

This process occurs in muscles undergoing O2 deprivation.

Lactic acid fermentation

This process consumes O2 converting it to H2O.

Mitochondrial electron transport

This process takes place on the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

Mitochondrial electron transport

Which of the following molecules donates electrons to the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

NADH

Which types of organism produces O2?

Photosynthetic organisms produce O2

What protein(s) listed below bind chlorophyll?

Photosystem 1

________ is probably the most abundant enzyme on the planet.

Rubisco

Which runner would you say has the best chance of winning the race?

Runner C has normal blood glucose levels and his muscles are well oxygenated.

What type(s) of fermentation can the brain perform?

The brain cannot do any fermentation

Which molecule below is the most oxidized?

Triple bond with two Ns

A chemical reaction that requires energy to take place is called _______.

An endergonic reaction

In trying to determine DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts?

Answers A and B are correct

Chlorophyll molecules mostly absorb the _______ wavelengths of visible light.

Both C and D (red and blue)

After one cell division which cell(s) is/are radioactive?

Both cells will be radioactive

Consider the energy profile to the right. Which arrow shows the activation energy in the presence of an enzyme?

C (vertical farthest to right)

What type of photosynthesis is done by Spanish Moss?

CAM type photosynthesis

This location becomes very acidic in the light.

Inside of the thylakoids

In his transformation experiments, Griffith observed that ________.

Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

In the reaction: pyruvate + NAD---acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H, which of the reactants has been oxidized?

Pyruvate has been oxidized.

During aerobic respiration the Krebs Cycle provides the cell with _______ from one acetyl CoA molecule.

2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

Plants that fix CO2 into C4 acids at night when stomates are open and carry out the Calvin cycle during the day when stomates are closed are called _______.

CAM plants

How would you describe the reaction after looking at the diagram in the last question?

It is exergonic with or without an enzyme.

A diagram of a metabolic pathway is to the right. Metabolite "A" is converted to metabolite "D" with metabolites "A" and "B" as intermediates. As metabolite "D" builds up in the cell it inhibits enzyme 1. When this happens what will happen to the amounts of metabolites "A" and "B"?

"A" will increase and "B" will decrease

How many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of alcohol fermentation?

2

Removes the RNA primer and replaces with DNA.

DNA polymerase 1

Which molecule will yield the most energy in aerobic respiration?

Glucose

Separates the two DNA strands to unwind them.

Helicase

In class I did a demonstration of the following reaction: 2H2O2---2H2O+O2. This reaction did not occur until the catalase was added. What did the catalase do?

The reaction is always exergonic but catalase lowered the activation energy.

Cellulose does not readily react with O2 forming CO2 and H2O at room temperature because _________

at room temperature the activation energy energy barrier for this reaction cannot be surmounted.

You have a yeast strain that has a defect in Kreb's Cycle. Under what conditions, if any, could the yeast grow?

It can grow by alcohol fermentation.

You accidentally leave your favorite house/dorm plant in the dark over Thanksgiving vacation. To your surprise it is still alive when you return because _______.

It obtained energy from stored sugar and starch molecules produced before your vacation.

Which runners had to stop?

Runners A and B (depleted ones)

How many CO2 molecules are produced when one glucose molecule is completely utilized in the process of aerobic respiration?

6

All of the following are functions of the Citric acid cycle EXCEPT ________.

Adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water.

In the murder mystery you are reading the victim has been killed by his evil twin using carbon monoxide poisoning. Which part of aerobic respiration is inhibited by carbon monoxide?

Electron transport

At this moment, which runner is probably using glucose at the fastest rate?

Runner D has normal blood glucose levels and his muscles are anaerobic.

This is the location of the chloroplast electron transport chain.

Thylakoid membranes

After two rounds of cell division there are four cells. How many of these cells will be radioactive?

Two will be radioactive

The concentration of oxygen in the earth's atmosphere is approximately 22% and this concentration is maintained by the breakdown of ________ in photosynthesis.

Water