biology test organic compounds

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macromolecules

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

lipids

MACROmolecule energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

cellulose

found in a plants cell wall, hard, nonliving material

describe how energy is realized from organic compounds

when the bonds are broken

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

peptide bond

Covalent bond formed between amino acids

catalyst

Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

glycogen

The form in which animals store access sugar in the liver and muscles.

hydrolysis

a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water.

triglyceride

a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule

polypeptide

a long chain of amino acids

polymerization

a process that forms macromolecules by joining smaller compounds together to form larger ones

unsaturated

at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

carbohydrates

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

proteins

contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. source of energy. needed by the body for repair and growth. and to make up enzymes

polyunsaturated

fatty acid chains that contain more than one double bond

polymers

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

polysaccharide

large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides

sterols

lipids that build cells and carry messages from one part of the body to another ex:cholesterol

nucleic acids

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

phospholipids

molecules that dissolve and parts that do not dissolve well in water and makes cell membranes

examples of organic and inorganic compounds

organic-CH4 inorganic-CO2, NaCl

nucleotides

polymers of monomers

starch

potatoes, grains made of thousands of glucose molecules

enzymes

proteins that act as biological catalysts

monosaccharide

single sugar molecule

monomers

small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers

describe enzyme function

speeds up chemical reactions

products

the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

reactants

the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

saturated

the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms

active site

the part of an enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs

substrates

the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reaction


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