biology test organic compounds
macromolecules
Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
lipids
MACROmolecule energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
cellulose
found in a plants cell wall, hard, nonliving material
describe how energy is realized from organic compounds
when the bonds are broken
dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
peptide bond
Covalent bond formed between amino acids
catalyst
Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
glycogen
The form in which animals store access sugar in the liver and muscles.
hydrolysis
a chemical process in which a compound is broken down and changed into other compounds by taking up the elements of water.
triglyceride
a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule
polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids
polymerization
a process that forms macromolecules by joining smaller compounds together to form larger ones
unsaturated
at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
carbohydrates
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body
proteins
contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. source of energy. needed by the body for repair and growth. and to make up enzymes
polyunsaturated
fatty acid chains that contain more than one double bond
polymers
large compound formed from combinations of many monomers
polysaccharide
large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides
sterols
lipids that build cells and carry messages from one part of the body to another ex:cholesterol
nucleic acids
macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
phospholipids
molecules that dissolve and parts that do not dissolve well in water and makes cell membranes
examples of organic and inorganic compounds
organic-CH4 inorganic-CO2, NaCl
nucleotides
polymers of monomers
starch
potatoes, grains made of thousands of glucose molecules
enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts
monosaccharide
single sugar molecule
monomers
small unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
describe enzyme function
speeds up chemical reactions
products
the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
reactants
the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
saturated
the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
active site
the part of an enzyme where the chemical reaction occurs
substrates
the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reaction
