Biology Unit 2

Glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules per glucose molecule?

2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?

30-32

In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, which results in the net production of which of the following sets of molecules?

ATP, CO2, and ethanol

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which of the following molecules is the lowest-energy donor of electrons to the electron transport chain?

FADH2

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the production and modification of polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotic cells?

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus.

Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?

It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.

Energy released from the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrial intermembrane space

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes?

producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

Which of the following products result from the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

NADH and CO2

Which of the following organelles often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell?

central vacuole

Which of the following structures is independent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that the cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

proteins

When electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom, the more electronegative atom is ________.

reduced, and energy is released

Which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

ribosomes

An early step in the evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved which of the following events?

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules describes the ultrastructure of which of the following cellular structures?

eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

In chemiosmosis, the most direct source of energy used to convert ADP + i to ATP is energy released ________.

from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient

Which of the following metabolic processes normally occurs in most cells regardless of oxygen (O2) availability?

glycolysis

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will generally follow which of the pathways listed below?

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following reactions produces the majority of the CO2 released by the complete oxidation of glucose?

the citric acid cycle

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

the harnessing of energy from redox reactions to generate a proton gradient

Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

the ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

Which of the following statements best summarizes ATP use and production in the catabolism of each glucose molecule in glycolysis?

two molecules of ATP are used, and four molecules of ATP are produced

Peroxisomes in liver cells detoxify alcohol by removing hydrogen atoms and combining them with which of the following molecules?

with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percent of the ATP formed by the reactions of glycolysis?

100%

What types of cells carry out ATP synthesis by chemiosmosis?

all respiring cells, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, using either oxygen or other electron acceptors