Biology Unit 2 Quiz 4
nitrogen oxygen hydrogen
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the most common elements which bond to carbon. nitrogen sodium magnesium sulfur oxygen hydrogen potassium
dehydration synthesis
A bonding of subunits to form a polymer with the loss of water
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic code
lipid
A group of organic compounds including fats and steroids
lipid
A group of organic compounds including fats, steroids, and phospholipids
protein
A large complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids
hormone
A natural chemical which controls a specific body function is called a(n) ________________________
RNA
A nucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins
starch
A polymer of glucose units
polysaccharide
A polymer of simple sugars
True
A polysaccharide is a polymer of simple sugar. True False
5000
A protein may consist of as many as ____________ amino acid molecules.
antibody
A protein specialized to defend the body against disease
antibody
A protein specialized to protect the body from disease is a(n) _________________________
nucleic acid
A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases
glucose
A simple sugar (C 6H 12O 6) occurring in plant and animal tissues
carbohydrate
A sugar or polymer of sugar
disaccharide
A two-sugar polymer
thymine cytosine
Adenine pairs with _________________________, and guanine pairs with _________________________ in DNA.
hormone
Aids in the control of a specific function in the organism
peptide
Bonds between amino acids are called __________________________ bonds.
carbohydrate
C6H12O6 is a type of _____________________________________________
photosynthesis
Carbohydrates are manufactured in plants by the process of ________________________________________________________
plants
Carbohydrates are produced readily by ________________________
energy
Carbohydrates are the most readily available source of __________________________. nucleic acids energy protein fats
False
Carbon is ideally suited to form ionic bonds. True False
DNA
Carrying the genetic code and determining an organism's structure and function are the functions of: RNA DNA
steroids
Cholesterol belongs to the group of lipids called ________________________. amino acids phospholipids fatty acids steroids
detailed instructions complex information
Genetic codes contain: detailed instructions random data complex information nonfunctional chance information accidental complexity
the H/O ratio is different they are not soluble in water
How do lipids differ from carbohydrates? the H/O ratio is different they release less energy they are formed from different basic elements they are not soluble in water
4
How many electrons does carbon lack in its outer shell? 1 2 4 3
nitrogen
In addition to the elements found in carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain the element _________________________
polymer
Large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
all of the above
Large organic molecules which are synthesized from multiple identical subunits are: carbohydrates polymers proteins nucleic acids all of the above
False
Many elements bond to carbon by exchanging electrons. True False
cannot arise by random undirected processes
Many scientists have concluded that coded information: cannot arise by random undirected processes can be accumulated by chance, if given enough time
hereditary
Nucleic acids carry the ____________________________ codes of life.
carbohydrates
Organic compounds consisting of various compounds of sugar are generally called ______________________________________
False
Starch is a monosaccharide. True False
units of C6H12O6
Starch is made up of: amino acid polymers units of C6H12O6 polymer for nucleic acids simple proteins
lipids
Steroids are: a type of phospholipids complex carbohydrates lipids a subclass of fats
hydrolysis
The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules with water being a reactant
hydrolysis
The breakdown of molecules by the addition of water: ____________________________________
monosaccharide
The building block unit of carbohydrates; a simple sugar
proteins
The building blocks of ___________________________ are amino acids. nucleic acids carbohydrates fats proteins
glucose
The common name for C6H12O6 is __________________. complex sugar carbohydrate polysaccharide glucose
polysaccharides
The complex sugars are generally called ______________________________________________________
paired
The connecting bases of DNA are always made of the ____________________ sets.
nucleic acids
The largest and most sophisticated molecules in a cell are ________________________________________________________________________. proteins fats nucleic acids carbohydrates
green plants
The most abundant sources of carbohydrates are ______________________________________________________. simple sugars humans and animals green plants
fats
The most highly concentrated source of energy in the body is __________
phospholipids
The organic chemicals which help cell walls to conserve internal fluids are __________________________________________________. fats phospholipids proteins steroids
hemoglobin
The oxygen-transporting protein in the blood is called __________________________________
protein
The physical properties of a ________________________ are highly sensitive to the sequence in which the amino acids are linked.
monosaccharides
The simplest sugars are generally called _____________________________________________________
4
The sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA are connected to one another by sequences of ___ different bases.
hydrogen and oxygen
The two elements besides carbon found in carbohydrates are ______________________________________________________________________________. hydrogen oxygen sodium nitrogen magnesium
True
Two bases connect the double chain of DNA like a step on a ladder. True False
polymerization
Two or more similar molecules unite, forming a larger complex molecule
protein
Two or more simpler molecules strung together
the sequence of bases making up the "rungs" of the ladder
What determines the coded information contained within DNA? the sequence of bases making up the "rungs" of the ladder the arrangement of genes the arrangement of amino acids the sequence of sugar polymers on the "rails" of the ladder
energy is released
What happens when organic molecules decompose? energy is released the products quickly form new ionic bonds energy is absorbed from the environment
are usually ions of the original elements
When compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose, the products: are usually of no further chemical value are usually atoms of the original reactants are usually ions of the original elements are usually simple molecules
antibodies hormones enzymes
Which of the following chemicals are proteins? starch amino acids antibodies hormones steroids polysaccharides enzymes
RNA reads and translates the DNA code
Which statement correctly relates to DNA and RNA: RNA reads and translates the DNA code DNA synthesizes protein DNA reads and translates the RNA code RNA contains the genetic code
carbohydrate polymers formed
Which statement represents dehydration synthesis? water removed producing decomposition decomposition by hydrolysis carbohydrate polymers formed
because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds
Why can carbon bond to many elements simultaneously? because its +4 valence forms ionic bonds because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds because it has a natural ionic charge of "+4"
carbohydrate
a polymer of sugar
DNA
an acid located in the cell nucleus
amino acid
basic units of proteins
polymerization
synthesis of repeating molecules
hydrolysis
decomposition using water
organic solvents
Lipids are soluble in solvents called ____________________________________________________________________________
steroids fats phospholipids
(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the three groups of lipids. steroids proteins fatty acids amino acids fats phospholipids
poultry black beans milk cheese fish eggs
(Select all that apply.) Choose sources of protein in our diet. poultry black beans milk cheese fish oils breads eggs lettuce tomatoes
nucleic acids fats carbohydrates proteins
(Select all that apply.) The four organic molecules common to organisms are __________________________________________________________________________________________________. nucleic acids fats amino acids carbohydrates methane proteins sugars
True
Lipids are composed of the same basic elements as carbohydrates. True False
amino acids
Sickle-cell anemia is caused by incorrect sequencing of _________________________________________________. fatty acids antibodies amino acids hemoglobin
double helix
The DNA molecule has a structure similar to a ___________________________________________________________
amino acid
The basic building block of proteins