Biology Unit 2 Quiz 4

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nitrogen oxygen hydrogen

(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the most common elements which bond to carbon. nitrogen sodium magnesium sulfur oxygen hydrogen potassium

dehydration synthesis

A bonding of subunits to form a polymer with the loss of water

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic code

lipid

A group of organic compounds including fats and steroids

lipid

A group of organic compounds including fats, steroids, and phospholipids

protein

A large complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids

hormone

A natural chemical which controls a specific body function is called a(n) ________________________

RNA

A nucleic acid which participates in the synthesis of proteins

starch

A polymer of glucose units

polysaccharide

A polymer of simple sugars

True

A polysaccharide is a polymer of simple sugar. True False

5000

A protein may consist of as many as ____________ amino acid molecules.

antibody

A protein specialized to defend the body against disease

antibody

A protein specialized to protect the body from disease is a(n) _________________________

nucleic acid

A sequence of sugars, phosphates and nitrogenous organic bases

glucose

A simple sugar (C 6H 12O 6) occurring in plant and animal tissues

carbohydrate

A sugar or polymer of sugar

disaccharide

A two-sugar polymer

thymine cytosine

Adenine pairs with _________________________, and guanine pairs with _________________________ in DNA.

hormone

Aids in the control of a specific function in the organism

peptide

Bonds between amino acids are called __________________________ bonds.

carbohydrate

C6H12O6 is a type of _____________________________________________

photosynthesis

Carbohydrates are manufactured in plants by the process of ________________________________________________________

plants

Carbohydrates are produced readily by ________________________

energy

Carbohydrates are the most readily available source of __________________________. nucleic acids energy protein fats

False

Carbon is ideally suited to form ionic bonds. True False

DNA

Carrying the genetic code and determining an organism's structure and function are the functions of: RNA DNA

steroids

Cholesterol belongs to the group of lipids called ________________________. amino acids phospholipids fatty acids steroids

detailed instructions complex information

Genetic codes contain: detailed instructions random data complex information nonfunctional chance information accidental complexity

the H/O ratio is different they are not soluble in water

How do lipids differ from carbohydrates? the H/O ratio is different they release less energy they are formed from different basic elements they are not soluble in water

4

How many electrons does carbon lack in its outer shell? 1 2 4 3

nitrogen

In addition to the elements found in carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain the element _________________________

polymer

Large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

all of the above

Large organic molecules which are synthesized from multiple identical subunits are: carbohydrates polymers proteins nucleic acids all of the above

False

Many elements bond to carbon by exchanging electrons. True False

cannot arise by random undirected processes

Many scientists have concluded that coded information: cannot arise by random undirected processes can be accumulated by chance, if given enough time

hereditary

Nucleic acids carry the ____________________________ codes of life.

carbohydrates

Organic compounds consisting of various compounds of sugar are generally called ______________________________________

False

Starch is a monosaccharide. True False

units of C6H12O6

Starch is made up of: amino acid polymers units of C6H12O6 polymer for nucleic acids simple proteins

lipids

Steroids are: a type of phospholipids complex carbohydrates lipids a subclass of fats

hydrolysis

The breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules with water being a reactant

hydrolysis

The breakdown of molecules by the addition of water: ____________________________________

monosaccharide

The building block unit of carbohydrates; a simple sugar

proteins

The building blocks of ___________________________ are amino acids. nucleic acids carbohydrates fats proteins

glucose

The common name for C6H12O6 is __________________. complex sugar carbohydrate polysaccharide glucose

polysaccharides

The complex sugars are generally called ______________________________________________________

paired

The connecting bases of DNA are always made of the ____________________ sets.

nucleic acids

The largest and most sophisticated molecules in a cell are ________________________________________________________________________. proteins fats nucleic acids carbohydrates

green plants

The most abundant sources of carbohydrates are ______________________________________________________. simple sugars humans and animals green plants

fats

The most highly concentrated source of energy in the body is __________

phospholipids

The organic chemicals which help cell walls to conserve internal fluids are __________________________________________________. fats phospholipids proteins steroids

hemoglobin

The oxygen-transporting protein in the blood is called __________________________________

protein

The physical properties of a ________________________ are highly sensitive to the sequence in which the amino acids are linked.

monosaccharides

The simplest sugars are generally called _____________________________________________________

4

The sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA are connected to one another by sequences of ___ different bases.

hydrogen and oxygen

The two elements besides carbon found in carbohydrates are ______________________________________________________________________________. hydrogen oxygen sodium nitrogen magnesium

True

Two bases connect the double chain of DNA like a step on a ladder. True False

polymerization

Two or more similar molecules unite, forming a larger complex molecule

protein

Two or more simpler molecules strung together

the sequence of bases making up the "rungs" of the ladder

What determines the coded information contained within DNA? the sequence of bases making up the "rungs" of the ladder the arrangement of genes the arrangement of amino acids the sequence of sugar polymers on the "rails" of the ladder

energy is released

What happens when organic molecules decompose? energy is released the products quickly form new ionic bonds energy is absorbed from the environment

are usually ions of the original elements

When compounds which are formed from ionic bonds decompose, the products: are usually of no further chemical value are usually atoms of the original reactants are usually ions of the original elements are usually simple molecules

antibodies hormones enzymes

Which of the following chemicals are proteins? starch amino acids antibodies hormones steroids polysaccharides enzymes

RNA reads and translates the DNA code

Which statement correctly relates to DNA and RNA: RNA reads and translates the DNA code DNA synthesizes protein DNA reads and translates the RNA code RNA contains the genetic code

carbohydrate polymers formed

Which statement represents dehydration synthesis? water removed producing decomposition decomposition by hydrolysis carbohydrate polymers formed

because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds

Why can carbon bond to many elements simultaneously? because its +4 valence forms ionic bonds because it is capable of forming multiple covalent bonds because it has a natural ionic charge of "+4"

carbohydrate

a polymer of sugar

DNA

an acid located in the cell nucleus

amino acid

basic units of proteins

polymerization

synthesis of repeating molecules

hydrolysis

decomposition using water

organic solvents

Lipids are soluble in solvents called ____________________________________________________________________________

steroids fats phospholipids

(Select all that apply.) Choose from the following list the three groups of lipids. steroids proteins fatty acids amino acids fats phospholipids

poultry black beans milk cheese fish eggs

(Select all that apply.) Choose sources of protein in our diet. poultry black beans milk cheese fish oils breads eggs lettuce tomatoes

nucleic acids fats carbohydrates proteins

(Select all that apply.) The four organic molecules common to organisms are __________________________________________________________________________________________________. nucleic acids fats amino acids carbohydrates methane proteins sugars

True

Lipids are composed of the same basic elements as carbohydrates. True False

amino acids

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by incorrect sequencing of _________________________________________________. fatty acids antibodies amino acids hemoglobin

double helix

The DNA molecule has a structure similar to a ___________________________________________________________

amino acid

The basic building block of proteins


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