Biology Unit 7 Quiz 3
axon muscle contraction transmitter chemicals
"Motor end plates" are associated with: dendrites synapse sensory neuron axon muscle contraction transmitter chemicals
nervous
(Choose the one that best answers the question.) The _____________________ system allows us to interact with our environment, the physical world.
parathyroid hormone
(PTH). The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that regulates calcium metabolism
choroid sclera retina
(Select all that apply.) The layers of the eye are the _______________________________________________________________________________________________. choroid cornea rod humor sclera retina
epilepsy
A brain problem that causes seizures
True
A concussion causes disruption of brain function. True False
retina
A delicate light-sensitive membrane covering the inside of the eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain
thyroid gland
A gland in the neck region where thyroxine is produced
electroencephalogram
A graph showing the brain waves.
thyroxine
A hormone that increases the metabolic rate
True
A light image formed on the retina is inverted. True False
nerve
A neuron is a _____________ cell.
cone
A photoreceptor cell which functions best in bright light. It detects color.
rod
A photoreceptor cell which is more responsive in dim light. It detects only black and white.
leprosy
A slowly progressive bacterial infection of skin and nerves
iris
A special part of the choroid layer composed of colorful tissue around the dark pupil of the eye
sclera
A structure composed of fibrous tissue surrounding the eye to give it shape
acetylcholine
A transmitter substance from the nervous system that causes muscle contraction
vitreous humor
A transparent jellylike substance filling the eyeball
aqueous humor
A transparent liquid which is located between the cornea and iris
cholinesterase
An enzyme which neutralizes acetylcholine at the synapse between muscle and nerve, thus stopping contraction
autonomic
Automatic; not needing conscious input
concussion
Blow to the head that disrupts the function of the brain
nearsightedness myopia
Difficulty with seeing distant objects is called: farsightedness hyperopia nearsightedness myopia
farsightedness hyperopia
Difficulty with seeing objects close to the eye is called: nearsightedness myopia farsightedness hyperopia
hyperopia
Farsightedness
parathyroid gland
Four small endocrine glands within the thyroid gland in the neck which produce PTH
nervous system
Gathering and interpreting information is a function of the: endocrine system muscular system circulatory system nervous system
corticoid
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex which regulates metabolism, and balances salt and water within the body
by chemical reactions by acetylcholine
How do nerve signals pass through the synapse? by polarization by chemical reactions by acetylcholine by axon connections
membrane polarization
Impulses travel through neurons because of the reversal of ______________________________________________________________________________.
cerebrospinal fluid
Liquid surrounding the brain and spinal cord
astigmatism
Localized distortion of light through the cornea is called __________________________________________________.
dendrite
Match the related units of a neuron. branching "tree-like" structure
multiple axons
Match the related units of a neuron. electrical cable
impulse
Match the related units of a neuron. polarization
dendrite
Match the related units of a neuron. receives signals
axon
Match the related units of a neuron. single thread
synapse
Match the related units of a neuron. space between neurons
axon
Match the related units of a neuron. transmits signal from cell body
ciliary muscle
Muscles attached to the lens to change its shape so that it can be focused on objects viewed
myopia
Nearsightedness
False
Neurons do not have a nucleus like most cells. True False
vitamin A
Night blindness can be caused by a deficiency of: exercise vitamin D vitamin E vitamin A
aspherical
Not round
the faint object will focus off the fovea
Off-center viewing of a dim object at night is helpful because: the faint object will focus on the optic nerve the faint object will focus off the fovea the faint object will focus on the cones the faint object will focus on the fovea
parasympathetic
One division of the autonomic nervous system
thalamus
Part of the brain that transmits and modifies nervous impulses
the meninges
Protective membranes surrounding the brain are called _________________________________________________________.
polarized
Separation of charge in the neurons that prepares them for transmitting an impulse
photoreceptor
Specialized cells located in the retina that receive light images for the purpose of passing the information on to the brain via the optic nerve
fovea
The area of the eye with a concentration of cones is the: fovea optic nerve conjunctiva central canal
blind
The axons of the retinal culminate in the optic nerve which forms a ________________ spot on the retina.
central
The brain and the spinal cord are considered the _____________________ nervous system.
retina
The eye layer which receives light images is the ___________________. cornea lens retina choroid sclera
glucagon
The hormone secreted by the pancreas which raises the blood sugar level
dermis
The inner layer of skin, which contains many of the structures needed to give skin its important properties
synapse
The junction between two nerve cells
cerebrum
The largest and uppermost part of the brain is called the: cerebrum cortex medulla cerebellum
False
The lens of the human eye is fixed in shape. True False
protection
The main purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid is for _________________________________________.
optic nerve
The nerve connecting the eye to the brain
olfactory nerve
The nerve that sends smell messages
auditory nerve
The nerve that transports sound impulses to the cerebral cortex
sympathetic
The other division of the autonomic nervous system
auricle
The outer external ear structure used for catching and directing sound waves
epidermis
The outermost layer of skin
cones
The photoreceptor cells which are sensitive to colors are called the _________________.
iris
The portion of the eye that acts as a camera shutter is the: pupil lens iris cornea
a hole through the center of the anterior choroid
The pupil of the eye is: colorful tissue at the center of the eye center of the cornea a hole through the center of the anterior choroid the lens
rods
The retinal cells responsible for night vision are: fovea photoreceptors cones rods
cochlea
The snail-shaped structure which translates vibration into an nerve impulse
vertebrae
The spinal cord runs through and is protected by the ____________________________.
myelin
The substance that sheaths myelinated nerves
cornea
The transparent front portion of the eye covering the lens
focus
The ultimate function of ciliary muscles is to _____________ the eye.
sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain
What is the "reflex arc"? sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the brain rapid response of the brain to stimuli sensation and reaction circuit bypassing the spinal cord impulse circuit from neurons to spinal cord to brain
increases the surface area
What is the purpose of all the folds in the cerebrum? provides a gray color increases the surface area absorbs shock none of the above
parietal lobe
contains many sensory areas
cerebellum
coordination
thalamus
electrical relay
cerebrum
emotions/ visual/ thought
myopia
eyeball too long
hyperopia
eyeball too short
sheath
fatty layer around axons
ganglion
ganglia, Collections of nerve cells
medulla
involuntary muscles
astigmatism
light refracted aspherically
electroencephalogram
measures brain waves
electrocardiogram
measures electrical changes of the heart
cerebral cortex
neurons
left hemisphere
right body
temporal lobe
sensations for hearing, taste, and smell
synapse
space between neurons
spinal nerves
spinal cord - input/output
color blindness
trouble distinguishing colors
cranial nerve
vagus nerve
night blindness
vitamin A deficiency
frontal lobe
voluntary muscles
frontal lobe
willful muscle contraction; emotions