Biology Unit 8 - The Amazing Human
What does the digestive system generally do? Select all that apply.
breaks down food into its base nutrients
An important mineral in the formation of bones that should be included in our diets, is ________.
calcium
What is bone composed of? Select all that apply.
calcium salts surrounded by protein fibers called collagen
The body stores fat deposits in connective tissue that lies beneath the dermis.
false
In the Urinary System, which of the following is not absorbed back into the blood? Select all that apply.
fats, vitamins, salts
a gland that controls involuntary body functions, such as your heartbeat
hypothalamus
Which of the following organ produces bile during digestion?
liver
axon
long, thin extension of a nerve cell that allows for communication throughout the nervous system
an organ that expands and contracts to inhale air with oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration
lungs
The pulse is controlled by the ______________, which is controlled by the __________.
pacemaker, brain
The ________ nervous system is the branching network of nerves that reaches into the rest of your body.
peripheral
kidneys
organs that filter the blood and remove wastes from it
Which type of bone cells help build bones?
osteoblasts
The three types of bone cells are _________, __________, and _________.
osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts
a gland that controls most of the hormones in your body and is considered a major influence on more primary urges, such as hunger and thirst
pituitary gland
the fluid portion of the blood
plasma
the cell fragments that help your blood to clot
platelets
What are the four functions of bones?
protection, support, movement, production of blood cells
Which of the following gets chemically digested in the small intestine? Select all that apply.
proteins, carbohydrates
A human body changes from a child state into a body capable of reproduction during ____________.
puberty
sense the environment and give this information to the sensory neurons, which then send the signal to the central nervous system
receptors
transport oxygen throughout the body and carbon dioxide that is to be exhaled
red blood cells
Which of these are the components of human blood? Select all that apply.
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
What does the thyroid gland do?
regulates metabolism, energy, growth and development, and the general activity of the nervous system
the system that supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the blood
respiratory
The part of the eye responsible for processing image is the ________.
retina
Which of the following make up the axial bones?
ribs, skull, vertebrae
There are two different types of cells in the retina; ___________, which detect shape and movement and is helpful for seeing in dim to dark conditions, and ______________, which help us to see sharply and the bright, vivid colors.
rods, cones
What does the pancreas do?
secretes enzymes that can digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
What is the endocrine system responsible for?
secretes hormones that regulate almost all other processes in the body
carry signals from the outer parts of the body to the central nervous system
sensory neurons
subcutaneous
situated or lying beneath the skin
The human's largest organ is the ___________.
skin
The dead skin cells have a special protein called keratin that provides waterproofing and protection for everything underneath them.
true
The epidermis contains both dead and living cells.
true
tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
the tube where the urine exits the body
urethra
A female sex organ that is responsible for nourishing the baby and providing a place for a baby to grow inside a mother is the ___________.
uterus
to carry oxygen-poor blood away from cells
veins
Sound waves cause __________ in the ear that are eventually sent to the brain to be interpreted as sound.
vibrations
muscles that move at the will of a person
voluntary muscle
the defense of our bodies against disease
white blood cells
A recently fertilized egg is called a(n) __________.
zygote
The stages of pregnancy are __________ (fertilized egg), __________ (from implantation of fertilized egg in uterus to 8 weeks), and __________ (8 weeks to birth, about 9 months).
zygote, embryo, fetus
What does the enzyme pepsin do?
Pepsin breaks down proteins into amino acids.
When you are born, you have _______ bones. When you are an adult, you have ________ bones.
350, 206
You are born with _______ bones, but end up with ________ bones as an adult.
350, 206
How many days out of the month can fertilization occur?
4 - 6 days
Which of the following makes a human a human?
- dancing and philosophy - the ability to do math and create art - self-awareness - communication and spiritual awareness *- all of these*
Which of these is the large intestine's function? Select all that apply.
- inserts water into digested matter - makes feces - produces Vitamin K and B vitamins
What are the functions of skin? Select all that apply.
- sense of touch - protect the insides - maintain body temperature
Skin helps us cool off through. Select all that apply.
- sweat glands that produce sweat that is evaporated - dilating blood vessels that get larger
The statements below describe how a stimulus in the environment would stimulate a response in the nervous system. Arrange it chronologically by filling in 1-5 in the blanks.
1. Receptor neurons from a part of the body sensing a stimulus from the environment. 2. A message about the stimulus is sent to the sensory neurons. 3. Then, it goes to the brain. 4. The brain interprets the message. 5. Finally, it sends a message back to the motor neurons for an action.
You are listening to the radio station. The statements below describe how you are able to hear the music. Arrange them chronologically by filling in 1 - 6.
1. Sound waves travel through the air from the radio. 2. These waves cause the air to vibrate; when the vibrations reach your outer ear and hit a membrane called the eardrum, they cause it also to vibrate. 3. The vibrations then pass through three different bones in the middle ear. 4. After traveling through the middle ear, the vibrations reach the inner ear. Fluid in the cochlea also begins to vibrate and moves like a wave. 5. The waves of fluid then hit hair cells in the inner ear, causing them to bend. 6. As the hairs move, nerve impulses are activated and sent to your brain where your cerebrum then interprets the sound.
What are the four different types of blood?
A, B, AB, O
Chewing is a type of chemical digestion.
False
Enzymes are used in mechanical digestion.
False
Light passes through several structures in the eye to reach the pupil, which processes images.
False
The air you displace when you sneeze can reach speeds of up to 153 mph.
False
The average person will have shed about 305 pounds of skin by the time he/she reaches the age of 70.
False
The optic nerve at the back of the retina sends signals to the brain where the cerebellum interprets the images.
False
________ marrow produces __________ blood cells and unspecialized cells, while ______________ marrow is mostly fat.
Red, red, yellow
__________ are the male sex cells.
Sperm
___________ is a chemical sense perceived by receptor cells in the taste buds of your tongue, while _____________ is the result of multiple senses acting together.
Taste, Flavor
Why does the stomach lining have to be replaced all the time?
The stomach's environment is very acidic, full of hydrochloric acid.
Why do humans have little body hair when compared to other animals?
Thick hair would get in the way of our sweat glands, preventing our ability to cool off our bodies.
About 32 million bacteria inhabit one square inch of skin on your body.
True
Humans can recognize and remember about 50,000 different scents.
True
Nearly 60,000 miles of blood vessels exist in the human body.
True
Saliva adds water to your food and a digestive enzyme called amylase, which helps break down starch products or carbohydrates.
True
Together, your two feet contain 500,000 sweat glands that can produce more than a pint of sweat per day.
True
Vision is a response to light.
True
uterus
a female sex organ that is responsible for nourishing and providing a place for a baby to grow inside a mother
hypothalamus
a gland that controls involuntary body functions, such as the heartbeat
pituitary gland
a gland that controls most of the hormones in the body
thalamus
a gland that conveys sensations of touch, pain, and temperature to other parts of the brain
thyroid
a gland that regulates metabolism, energy, growth and development, and the general activity of the nervous system
esophagus
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
What is a hair follicle?
a narrow hole in the dermis that has nerve cells and blood vessels and produces hair
What is the definition of stomach?
a pouchlike muscular organ responsible for the majority of the digestion of food
stomach
a pouchlike muscular organ responsible for the majority of the digestion of food
Which of the following is the definition of bile?
a substance that breaks down fats into small droplets
bile
a substance that breaks down fats into small droplets
endocrine system
a system of glands and organs that secretes hormones that regulate almost all other processes in the body
synapse
a tiny space between one neuron's axon and another neuron's dendrite
Which of the following is the definition of the heart?
a very large, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
How many nephrons does each kidney have?
about 1 million
pepsin
an enzyme that begins to break down proteins into amino acids
hemoglobin
an iron-containing protein in blood that carries oxygen
heart
an organ in the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
gland
an organ that secretes a substance
gallbladder
an organ that stores bile and passes it on to the small intestine when it is needed
The tibia is a(n) _____________ bone.
appendicular
to carry oxygen-rich blood to cells
arteries
Which of these is a type of blood vessel? Select all that apply.
arteries, veins, capillaries
dendrites
branchlike projections out of a nerve cell that allow neurons to communicate with each other
In the arteries?
away from the heart
What are the two categories of bones in the skeleton? _________ and _________.
axial, appendicular
a long, thin, cable-like extension from a nerve cell's body that helps carry messages away from the neuron
axon
Which way does blood flow in the veins?
back to the heart
it is where the waste liquid called urine is stored until it is ready to exit the body
bladder
How does skin keep us warm?
blood vessels get smaller or constrict
The command center that controls all the functions of our bodies is the _____.
brain
controls your breathing and heart rates
brain stem
The central nervous system consists of the ______ and the _______.
brain, spinal chord
to carry oxygen and nutrients to cells and waste products, including carbon dioxide, away from cells
capillaries
involuntary muscle that pumps the heart
cardiac muscle
Which of the following make up the appendicular bones? Select all that apply.
carpals, ulna, patella, scapula, femur, humerus
The brain and spinal cord are part of the ________.
central nervous system
What are the two parts of the nervous system? _______ and _______.
central, peripheral
controls your balance, posture and coordination
cerebellum
controls your higher thought processes, intelligence, memory, skeleton, muscle movement, senses, and all of your activities while you are awake
cerebrum
What are the different types of touch receptors in your dermis? Select all that apply.
change in temperature, pain, touch, pressure
small hairs covered in mucus that line the airways and trap unwanted particles and germs in the air you breath, which are then coughed up or sneezed out of the body
cilia
This system is responsible for transporting blood to and from the heart.
circulatory
a small, branchlike projection from a nerve cell that connects to other nerve cells
dendrite
Second-degree
dermis
the inner layer of skin that contains the blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and oil glands
dermis
After a sperm burrows inside an egg, a(n) ________ is released that keeps other sperms out.
enzyme
First-degree
epidermis
The two main layers of skin are ________ and __________ .
epidermis, dermis
Third-degree
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
a thin layer of tissue that covers the windpipe when you are eating and drinking and opens when you breathe
epiglottis
Skin is made up of four tissues, namely, _______, ________, ________, and _________.
epithelium, connective, nerve, muscle
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach is the ___________.
esophagus
Which of these happens to females when they go through puberty? Select all that apply.
estrogen increases, hips become broader, menstrual cycle occurs
Dermis is the thinnest layer of skin.
false
Epidermis is the layer of the skin on the inside.
false
During digestion, carbohydrates, such as starch, are broken into ______________, proteins into ________________, and fats into _________________.
glucose, amino acids, fatty acids
It is because of _________ that it hurts when our hair is pulled.
hair follicles
Which of these are parts of the airway? Select all that apply.
larynx, trachea, nose, mouth, bronchial tubes
Compact bones are the __________, outer layer of bones that make up _____% of the bone's weight whereas spongy bones are _________, and make up ______% of bone's weight.
hard, 80, soft, 20
Which of these are the parts of sperm? Select all that apply.
head, midpiece, tail
What are the five senses?
hearing, taste, smell, touch, sight
an iron-containing protein that carries oxygen in the blood
hemoglobin
At the end of the bronchioles are little air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are connected to the network of blood vessels, which are connected to veins and arteries. The air in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in these vessels. This process describes _____.
how air gets into the blood from the bronchial tubes
The blood picks up carbon dioxide from the cells. The carbon dioxide travels in the blood to the lungs, and then out of bronchial tubes, the larynx, and the nose or mouth. This process describes _____.
how carbon dioxide leaves the body
connect neurons within the brain and spinal cord
interneurons
muscles that do not move at the will of a person
involuntary muscle
the organs that filter the blood and remove wastes from it
kidneys
The four major parts of the urinary system are _________, __________, __________, and _________.
kidneys, urethra, ureters, bladder
veins
large blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
arteries
large, muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
A female has her _____________ if her egg is not fertilized.
menstruation
If a female's egg is not fertilized, she will have her ___________.
menstruation
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels that are one cell thick
carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts of the body
motor neurons
voluntary muscles
muscles that move because a person desires (or wills) them to move
involuntary muscles
muscles that move in response to nerve impulses rather than the will of a person
neuron
nerve cell that is specially designed for communication in the body
Check all components of the dermis. Select all that apply.
nerve cells, oil glands, sweat glands, blood vessels
Messages travel from neuron to neuron through _____.
nerve impulses
a nerve cell that is specially designed for communication in the body
neuron
Which of the following career paths need knowledge about the human body?
nurses, massage therapists, doctors, chiropractors
involuntary muscle that lines the organs and helps squeeze things
smooth muscle
Where is bone marrow found? Select all that apply.
spongy bone
What are the two types of bone tissue?
spongy, compact
What type of muscle is involved when you reach for something?
striated
voluntary muscle that moves body parts
striated muscle
What gets filtered out of the blood in the nephrons due to high pressure? Select all that apply.
sugar, water, ions, amino acids, salts, vitamins
The different taste buds allow us to detect the tastes of __________.
sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami
What are the five tastes we can detect?
sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami
a tiny space between one neuron's axon and another neuron's dendrite
synapse
Which of these happens to males when they go through puberty? Select all that apply.
testosterone increases, a deepening of the voice, growth in stature and muscles
To perceive flavor, your brain takes information from the following: Select all that apply.
texture, seasonings, taste buds, sense of smell
a gland that conveys sensations of touch, pain, and temperature to other parts of the brain
thalamus
plasma
the fluid portion of the blood
What is blood pressure?
the force that the blood exerts on the blood vessels of the body
blood pressure
the force that the blood exerts on the blood vessels of the body
compact bone
the hard outer layer of bone that provides protection for the inner layer
spongy bone
the inner layer of bone containing bone marrow or connective tissue
cerebellum
the part of the brain that controls balance, posture, and coordination
brain stem
the part of the brain that controls breathing and heart rates
cerebrum
the part of the brain that controls higher thought processes
melanin
the primary pigment that gives skin its color
puberty
the process in which a human body changes from a child state into a body that is capable of reproduction
homeostasis
the process of staying the same
Sperm can only develop in a temperature that is 3 °C lower than normal body temperature. This is the reason why _____.
the scrotum is located outside the male body
epidermis
the thin outer layer of skin that is composed of dead and living cells
What are nephrons?
tiny individual filtering units in the kidneys
nephrons
tiny individual filtering units in the kidneys
The different types of feeling/touch receptors in the dermis are ______.
touch, temperature, pressure, and pain
