BIOM2 - Greg

How many chromosomes does an individual human person have?

46

What did Schleiden and Schwann both discover individually?

All living things are composed of one or more cells.

Changes in the genetic makeup of an organism may be due to which of the following?

All of the choices

Distribution of intrinsic proteins in the plasma membrane is

Asymmetrical

The term thallus refers to the plant-like structure of which of the following organisms?

Brown algae

A cell uses which of the following to accelerate chemical reactions enabling its metabolic machinery to operate?

Enzymes

In humans, how do the sex chromosomes differ between males and females?

Females have two X chromosomes and males one X chromosome and one Y chromosome

The functional unit of heredity is the _____________.

Gene

___________ occurs when organisms of different species mate and form offspring

Hybridization

In a histology lab a scientist observes the following features under the microscope. Which of these observations supports cell theory? I. Cardiac cells are joined by gap junctions and contain three nuclei. II. Mature platelet cells do not contain a nucleus, but do contain mitochondria. III. Spermatogonia undergoing mitosis. IV. The bulk of tissue samples from endocrine glands contain cells as their main building blocks.

III and IV

When sexual reproduction occurs in multicellular organisms, a process takes place before cells fuse whereby a cell is left with half of its chromosomes, enabling the creation of a cell with a characteristic chromosome number. What is this process called?

Meiosis

Which cell organelle is involved in apoptosis?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is a potential exception to cell theory?

Mitochondria

Locomotion in Metazoa is usually due to the contraction of what?

Muscle

Viruses infect cells and replicate themselves by utilizing various enzymes and cellular components of their host cell. Could you apply the same tenets of cell theory to viral replication?

No, viruses do not strictly adhere to cell theory because viruses do not directly come from other viruses; they require an intermediate cell to replicate.

What it is the name given to specialized structures within cells responsible for carrying out specific functions such as providing energy and producing hormones?

Organelles

The oxygen and carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by the process of

Passive diffusion

Single-celled protists with animal-like behavior belong to the phylum ______________.

Protozoa

Genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to cytoplasm by way of _______________.

Ribonucleic acid

What did Louis Pasteur's crooked neck flask experiment disprove?

Spontaneous generation is a method for the creation of new cells

A 19th^{th}thstart superscript, t, h, end superscript century scientist investigates cell growth by placing boiled broth in one Erlenmeyer flask and non-boiled broth in another flask. The scientist covered both flasks so that air could not enter the flasks and observed the flasks for two weeks. Neither flask grew any biological matter. From this the scientist concluded that abiogenesis or spontaneous generation was an invalid theory. Select the best evaluation of the above experiment and conclusion

The conclusion is an invalid conclusion because living objects often require air to grow regardless if their origin was spontaneous or not.

Rapid growth of cells is observed in tumors. One hypothesis of rapid tumor growth is that the creation of new cells uses old cells only as a scaffold to promote rapid growth similar to how crystal solids form. In this hypothesis, new cellular material is not created from preexisting cells. First a new nucleus of a cell attaches to the preexisting cells followed by the formation of the cytoplasm and lastly a cellular membrane forms around the cytoplasm-nucleus complex. This process can only happen if there is a pre-existing lattice network of cells that can function as a site of nucleation.

This hypothesis is not supported by cell theory because new cells are not created from older, preexisting cells.

Which is not an example of transmembrane transport between different subcellular compartments?

Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum into the Golgi complex

In normal sexual reproduction, two mature gametes fuse to form a(n) _____________.

Zygote

Which of the following is NOT a premise of cell theory? I. All cells arise from other cells. II. All living cells require water for survival. III. All living things are only composed of cells.

ii and iii

Cell theory states: I. All living cells must have a cell wall. II. All living cells require glucose for survival. III. The basic unit of life is a cell.

iii

This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out cell parts:

lysosomes

Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes:

nucleolus

Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell.

ribosomes

The endoplasmic reticulum functions to:

transport materials