Biostat

Sample

A group of subjects selected from a population is a

sample

A group of subjects selected from a population is a

Ratio

A meteorologist compiles a list of temperatures in degrees Kelvin for the month of May is an example of

Women's scores on the math test

A research team was investigating the impact of stereotypes on performance. In one group, women read a magazine article about why the structure of men's brains makes them better at math. In the second group, women read a magazine article saying there are no biological differences in the mathematical abilities of men and women. All women in the study then took a challenging math test. Researchers scored the number of items women answered correctly. In this study, which of the following was the dependent variable?

the length of time the subjects were deprived of sleep

A researcher wanted to study the effects of sleep deprivation on physical coordination. The researcher selected 25 year-old male college students and deprived some of the subjects to either 24, 36, or 45 hours of sleep. In the present study the independent variable was

qualitative nominal

A small discount laboratory distribution center delivers the results to five locations. They deliver to cities with the following zip codes: 32091, 32246, 32216, 32604, and 35801. Which of the following describes this data?

observational study

A study took random sample of adults and asked them about their bedtime habits. The data showed that people who drank a cup of tea before bedtime were more likely to go to sleep earlier than those who didn't drink tea.

Descriptive, since the 12 times per minute is the result of collected survey data.

A survey of 1,000 people reveals that they blink their eyes a mean of 12 times per minute. Is this an example of descriptive statistics or inferential statistics?

cohort

A type of study under descriptive except

Type of coffee

An experiment was performed to determine the amount of coffee grounds could affect the taste of the coffee. The same kind of coffee, the same percolator, type of water, the same perking time and the same electrical sources were used. What is the constant in the study?

True

Bias is the addition of systematic error to the outcome

continuous data

CD4 count and viral load is an example of

1000

Calculate the necessary survey size using Slovin's Formula for a population of 10,000, allowing for a 3% margin of error.

173

Calculate the necessary survey size using Slovin's Formula for a population of 240, allowing for a 4% margin of error.

False

Clinical trial evidence can be classified as type III evidence, because it provides more solid evidence than simple observation.

Epidemiology

Cohort study to investigate the association of cell phone use and the development of brain tumors is an example of

nominal, nominal, interval

Consider these three variables: (i) whether you are a SA citizen (ii) your marital status (iii) the time it took you to get to UCT this morning. In the order given, these variables are:

Analytic

Epidemiologic studies that are concerned with characterizing the amount and distribution of health and disease within a population are called:

True

Evidence-based practice in medicine involves the gathering of evidence (in the form of scientific or empirical data) and then applying the scientific method to inform the treatment of patients.

12.8

Find the mean of the following data: 12, 10,15, 10, 16, 12,10,15, 15, 13

4.5

Find the median of the data: 5, 7, 4, 9, 5, 4, 4, 3

108

Find the sample size using Calmorin for a population of 500, allowing for a 1% margin of error and a proportion of 0.50.

1250

Find the sample size using Slovin's Formula for a population of 2500, allowing for a 2% margin of error.

amount of food

Four groups of rats are first massed and then fed identical diet except for the amount of Vitamin A they receive. Each group gets a different amount. After 3 weeks on the diet, the rats' measured again to see if there has been a decease. What is the independent variable in the given situation?

Nominal Scale of Measurement

Gender, age-class, religion, type of disease, and blood group are measured on:

138

Getting statistic from a parameter of 800, sampling error of 1% and largest possible proportion is 0.50. What is the sample size.

continuous variable

HIV viral load is an example of

censored

If we follow someone for a length of time but the event does not occur, the time is

No

In experimental research, we use the variables Predictor and Outcome.

data

Information represented by numbers, which can be the subject of statistical analysis.

Biostatistics

Is the application of statistics to problems in the biological sciences, health, and medicine.

observational study descriptive statistics

Is the statement a descriptive or inferential statistics? What would you perform if you wanted to know how long your teachers wait on average after they ask a class question?

Experimental Study

It also investigates the association between an exposure, often therapeutic treatment, and disease outcome Individuals are "intentionally" placed into the treatment groups by the investigators

Quota Sampling

It has a specified number of person of certain types are included in the sample.

Observational study

It investigate association between an exposure and a disease outcome.

Designed experiment

It involves the investigator assigning (preferably randomly) some or all conditions to subjects.

scientific method

It is a method by which students are encouraged to problem-solve, rather than just perform step by step procedures.

hypothesis

It is a suggested solution to a problem.

Accidental Sampling

It is the kind of Non-probability sampling in which no system of selection but only those whom the researchers or interviewer met by chance.

Epidemiology

It is the study of the distribution and determinants of health, disease, or injury in human populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Quantitative method

It is used by the Public health investigations, which combine the two disciplines of epidemiology and biostatistics.

Statistical inference

It is used by the Scientists to help model the uncertainty inherent in their investigations.

Survey study

It is used to estimate the extent of the disease in the population.

survey study

It is used to estimate the extent of the disease in the population.

Inferential Statistics

It provides a confirmatory data analysis Generalize conclusions from data from part of a group (sample) to the whole group (population)

Descriptive statistics

It provides an exploratory assessment of the data from a study. Exploratory data analysis techniques

location of the plants

Lauren wants to know which location in her apartment is the best for growing African violets. She has three African violets. She puts one on the balcony, one by the kitchen window, and one on the mantel in the living room. Each plant has the same size pot and the same soil, and Lauren gives each plant the same amount of water. What is the independent variable?

AAT treatment condition (0, 1, or 3 times per week)

Marian Banks (2002) investigated the effects of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on loneliness among the elderly. The participants were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: No AAT, AAT once per week, or AAT three times per week. The results indicated that, compared to no AAT, loneliness was significantly lower among the participants who received AAT once or three times per week. The independent variable is ___.

True

Randomized controlled trial providing the strongest scientific evidence from the design perspective.

data

Sadie was collecting measurements of the heights of the plants she grew in her science experiment. The measurements that Sadie wrote down are:

Statistics

Same numerical summary as the parameter but provides a summary of the sample. This statement is a.

True

Scientists use statistical inference to help model the uncertainty inherent in their investigations.

ordinal

Severity of disease is an example of

False

Statistics not only defines what "good" is, but it tells us where our observations fall on that scale.

continuous variable

Survival data is also a

Non-probability Sampling

The female moviegoers sitting in the first row in a movie theater.

individuals

The focus of epidemiologic studies is on:

statistical inference

The process of drawing conclusions about a sample based on population data

Purposive Sampling

The respondents are chosen on the basis of their knowledge of the information desired.

Probability sampling

The sample is selected from the population by means of some systematic way in which every element of the population has a change of being included in the sample.

ordinal

The teacher of a class of third graders records the letter grade for science for each student is an example of

True

Things that we notice in an experiment using what we see, hear, smell ,taste are called

observation

Things that we notice in an experiment using what we see, hear, smell ,taste are called

dependent variable

This is also known as criterion variable.

Recommend interventions or preventive programs

This is one role of quantitative methods in public health where the results will prove or disprove the hypothesis, or sometimes fall into a grey area of "unsure".

ratio

This is the highest level of measurement

conclusion

This may be verified by repeating the experiment.

Preventive Medicine

This provide the magnitude of any health problem in the community and find out the basic factors underlying the ill-health

observational

This study investigate association between an exposure and a disease outcome.

dependent

This variable is known as the criterion variable.

survival data

Time to progression (cancer), time to response, time to relapse and time to death is an example of

Preventive Medicine

To find out the basic factors underlying the ill-health is an example of

survey research

To identify the most popular exhibits at a science museum, visitors were asked every day for six weeks to rate how much they enjoyed each exhibit. The data were analyzed to look for age and sex differences in exhibit preferences. This was an example of

discrete and continuous

What are the two types of quantitative data?

Statistics

What is the collection of procedures and principles for gathering data and analyzing information to help make people make decisions when faced with uncertainty?

Descriptive statistics

What would you perform if you wanted to know how long your teachers wait on average after they ask a class question?

interview

What would you perform if you wanted to know how long your teachers wait on average after they ask a class question?

survey

What would you perform if you wanted to know if people are generally satisfied with how things are going in the country right now?

Summarizing data

Which of the following is not the goal of descriptive statistics?

Probability Sampling

With a sample size of 100, he must select 25 1st year students, another 25 2nd year students, 25 3rd year and 25 4th year students. This is an example of.

Probability Sampling

You could choose every 10th person listed in 10,000 group of people. This is an example of.

Probability sampling Non-probability sampling

You had a population of 100 people, each person would have odds of 1 out of 100 of being chosen. This is an example of.

Probability Sampling

You want to select a simple random sample of 100 employees of Company X. You assign a number to every employee in the company database from 1 to 1000, and use a random number generator to select 100 numbers