Biotechnology Final Study Guide

How many unique STR regions does the FBI use in forensic analysis?

13

The gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), a commonly used reporter gene, was cloned from______

Aequorea iictoria

What microbe is responsible for crown gall disease in plants and is used to create transgenic plants incorporating Ti vectors?

Agrobacterium tumeffaciens

Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting evidence to solve a crime?

Alex Jefferies

Which of the following techniques was used to create the Flavr Savr tomato?

Antisense RNA

Golden rice was created to increase the ____ content of rice?

B-carotene

What is the purpose of using animals in clinical trials?

Both A and B a) to test the safety of a compound b) to assess the biological activity of a compound

The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called _______

CODIS

Which bacterium is capable of withstanding doses o radiation that are several times higher than human cells can tolerate?

Deinococcus radiodurans

Which cleanup approach involves removing groundwater or soil from its natural setting to allow for bioremediation?

Ex situ bioremediation

Osama Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery and development of ______

GFP

Transgenic salmon engineered to grow faster than nontransgenic strains contain extra copies of the ____ gene

GH

Anaerobic bacteria often play important roles in bioremediation. Which of the following is Not an electron acceptor used by anaerobes during biodegradation reactions?

H2O

Known for their great strength and adhesive properties, components of byssal fibers produced by _____ are being studied for a variety of applications from medical sutures to adhesives

Mytilus edulis

Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis?

PCR

Which is not an indigenous microbe used for bioremediation?

Piscirikettsis salmonis

In what phase of clinical trials are animals used?

Preclinical testing

Ananda Chakrabarty received the first US patent for a GM organism. this organism was _______

Pseudomonas engineered to degrade petroleum

Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals are called ______

RFLPs

A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is called a _______

STR

Golden rice gets it characteristics yellow color from beta-carotene that is converted into ______.

Vitamin A

The best way to determine paternity is with____

Y-chromosome analysis

Proteins that are produced in a disease tissue and can act as a means of tracking a diseases progression (such as PSA in prostate cancer) is known as_____

a biomarker

In addition to the nucleus of a plant cell, a gene gun can be aimed t ______

a chloroplast

Embryo twinning refers to _________

a cloning step that involves splitting embryos in half

The Coppolino standard is____

a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid

The Daubert standard is ________

a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence

Bioaugmentation is a process that involves_____

adding microbes to a cleanup site

____ is the farming of a variety of shellfish, crustaceans, finfish, and algae

aquaculture

Monoclonal antibodies _________

are highly specific to a particular antigen

Which of the following is a pigment used to alter the color of salmon?

astaxanthin

The microbial source of cry genes used to make insect-resistant transgenic plants is _______

bacillus thuringiensis

A type of biofuel that comes from algae that resembles alkanes is _____

biodiesel

The attachment of organisms to surface (such as pipes and walls) is known as____

biofilming

Aerobic degradation (pumping air or hydrogen peroxide into the contaminated site) is also known as_____

bioventing

Damaged plant cells that have a mass called a ______ can then go on to have redifferentiation capabilities

callus

Compounds that cause cancer are called_______

carcinogens

An aquaculture product that is used as a thickening agent and gives foods an improved texture is called_____

carrageenan

Endotoxins must be eliminated from biomanufactured products because they______

cause pain, fever, and more severe symptoms in humans

Limulus polyhemus are the source of____

cells for the LAL test used to detect bacterial contamination of surgical tools

Carbon copy is a ______

cloned cat

A drug that can create polyploids is known as _____

colchicine

An aquaculture product that is protease used in tissue culturing is known as _____

collagenase

Which of the following is an example of solid phase bioremediation

composting

VNTR analysis involves______

cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and analyzing the banding pattern of fragments

Comparing DNA or RNA samples from two different organisms to identify differences in gene expression is known as______

differential display PCR

Which of the following approaches is not used to create a transgenic animal?

embryo twinning

Which of the following transgenic techniques requires ES cells to be collected from the inner blastocyst?

embryonic stem cell method

DNA is presented in all of the following human cell types except_____

erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)

Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting?

erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Which of the following genetic testing techniques would be the best choice for detecting a chromosome translocation

fish

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to seperate DNA molecules by size?

gel electrophoresis

Which of the following techniques involves using tiny DNA-covered spheres of gold or other metals to deliver transgenes into plant or animal cells?

gene gun

_____ is the use of genes for treating human genetic disorders.

gene therapy

A common herbicide that crops can be engineered to resist is _______

glyphosphate

Polyploid organsisms_____

have extra complete sets of chromosomes

Marine_____ is/are a primary source of agar and agarose used in laboratories for making culture medians and gels

kelp

_____ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted and rendered nonfunctional

knockout

An enucleated egg cell ______

lacks a nucleus

Spreading contaminated soil on a pad so that water and other compounds can leak out of the soil is known as ______

landfarming

The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene's _________

locus

One of the most common organisms used to produce knockouts is ______

mice

_______ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem repeats

microsatellites

The source of cyanide as a chemical pollutant is ______

mining processes

What types of cells fuse together to for hybridomas for making monoclonal antibodies

myeloma cells and B cells

What types of cells fuse together to form hybridomas for making monoclonal antibodies?

myeloma cells and B cells

Homologous recombination_______

occurs when creating a knockout animal

Bioremediation often requires the gain or loss of electrons as a mechanism to assist the process. loss of electrons is known as ______

oxidation

The source of benzene as a chemical pollutant is _____

petroleum products

Known as the "cell from cell," what toxin-producing dinoflagellate is responsible for significant fish kills in the mid-Atlantic region

pfiesteria piscicida

Which bioremediation approach involves using plans to degrade pollutants?

phytoremediation

The source of polyvinylchloride as a chemical pollutant is ______

plastic manufacturing

Growing aquatic plants and finfish species together with shared water resources is an example of_______

polyculture

Plants with more than the typical set of two chromosomes are known as ______

polyploid

Marine cone snails, Conus magus, are the source of _____

prialt, a peptide used as a pain reliever

Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA molecules are called _______

probes

Which of the following transgenic techniques requires no vector to be used?

pronuclear injection method

Plant cells with their cell walls removed are called ______

protoplasts

RoundUp-resistant plants are designed to _____.

provide resistance against herbicides

Bt transgenic crops are designed to ______.

provide resistance to insects

The source of dioxin as a chemical pollutant is _____

pulp and paper bleaching

Bioremediation often requires the gain or loss of electrons as a mechanism to assist the process. Ganin of electrons is known as ______

reduction

The gene that can detect the expression of another gene is called a/an

reporter gene

A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that_____

retroviruses integrate DNA randomly in the genome

One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is _____

sample contamination

During which stage of wastewater treatment is the primary effluent aerated to allow for biodedegradation by aerobic microbes?

secondary treatment

During which stage of wastewater treatment are methanogenic microbes most important?

sludge digestion

Which bioremediation approach involves mixing contaminated soil with water, carbon dioxide, and fertilizers in a bioreactor to stimulate biodegradtion?

slurry-phase bioremediation

Which of the following techniques has been used to clone sheep, cats, cows, and several other types of mammals?

somatic cell nuclear transfer

Which of the following transgenic techniques requires linker proteins?

sperm-mediated method

The first genetically modified food product available for human consumption in the United States was ______

the Flavr Savr tomato

In a gene knock-in experiment, _______

the animal gene of interest is replaced with the human counterpart gene

The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is _____

the cytoplasm of the sperm

The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ______

to exonerate convicted individuals

The main purpose of creating Flavr Savr tomatoes was _____.

to make tomatoes rot-resistant

the transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cells is known as_____

transfection

_______ animals contain an inserted and functional gene from another source.

transgenic

Which of the following statements is incorrect about triploid species?

triploid species have an extra copy of one chromosome

The frye standard is ______

using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community

Which of the following is an example of in vivo gene therapy?

using retroviruses to deliver therapeutic genes directly into a patient