Biotechnology Final Study Guide
How many unique STR regions does the FBI use in forensic analysis?
13
The gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP), a commonly used reporter gene, was cloned from______
Aequorea iictoria
What microbe is responsible for crown gall disease in plants and is used to create transgenic plants incorporating Ti vectors?
Agrobacterium tumeffaciens
Which scientist is credited with the first example of using DNA fingerprinting evidence to solve a crime?
Alex Jefferies
Which of the following techniques was used to create the Flavr Savr tomato?
Antisense RNA
Golden rice was created to increase the ____ content of rice?
B-carotene
What is the purpose of using animals in clinical trials?
Both A and B a) to test the safety of a compound b) to assess the biological activity of a compound
The DNA profiling database maintained by the FBI is called _______
CODIS
Which bacterium is capable of withstanding doses o radiation that are several times higher than human cells can tolerate?
Deinococcus radiodurans
Which cleanup approach involves removing groundwater or soil from its natural setting to allow for bioremediation?
Ex situ bioremediation
Osama Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for their discovery and development of ______
GFP
Transgenic salmon engineered to grow faster than nontransgenic strains contain extra copies of the ____ gene
GH
Anaerobic bacteria often play important roles in bioremediation. Which of the following is Not an electron acceptor used by anaerobes during biodegradation reactions?
H2O
Known for their great strength and adhesive properties, components of byssal fibers produced by _____ are being studied for a variety of applications from medical sutures to adhesives
Mytilus edulis
Which technique uses the least amount of sample needed for forensic analysis?
PCR
Which is not an indigenous microbe used for bioremediation?
Piscirikettsis salmonis
In what phase of clinical trials are animals used?
Preclinical testing
Ananda Chakrabarty received the first US patent for a GM organism. this organism was _______
Pseudomonas engineered to degrade petroleum
Variations in restriction enzyme-cutting patterns of DNA from different individuals are called ______
RFLPs
A repeated sequence, which, for example, can be 10 copies of the sequence TTA, is called a _______
STR
Golden rice gets it characteristics yellow color from beta-carotene that is converted into ______.
Vitamin A
The best way to determine paternity is with____
Y-chromosome analysis
Proteins that are produced in a disease tissue and can act as a means of tracking a diseases progression (such as PSA in prostate cancer) is known as_____
a biomarker
In addition to the nucleus of a plant cell, a gene gun can be aimed t ______
a chloroplast
Embryo twinning refers to _________
a cloning step that involves splitting embryos in half
The Coppolino standard is____
a means to allow controversial new scientific testing to be used in court if the foundation is solid
The Daubert standard is ________
a method that requires pretrial hearings to occur for scientific evidence
Bioaugmentation is a process that involves_____
adding microbes to a cleanup site
____ is the farming of a variety of shellfish, crustaceans, finfish, and algae
aquaculture
Monoclonal antibodies _________
are highly specific to a particular antigen
Which of the following is a pigment used to alter the color of salmon?
astaxanthin
The microbial source of cry genes used to make insect-resistant transgenic plants is _______
bacillus thuringiensis
A type of biofuel that comes from algae that resembles alkanes is _____
biodiesel
The attachment of organisms to surface (such as pipes and walls) is known as____
biofilming
Aerobic degradation (pumping air or hydrogen peroxide into the contaminated site) is also known as_____
bioventing
Damaged plant cells that have a mass called a ______ can then go on to have redifferentiation capabilities
callus
Compounds that cause cancer are called_______
carcinogens
An aquaculture product that is used as a thickening agent and gives foods an improved texture is called_____
carrageenan
Endotoxins must be eliminated from biomanufactured products because they______
cause pain, fever, and more severe symptoms in humans
Limulus polyhemus are the source of____
cells for the LAL test used to detect bacterial contamination of surgical tools
Carbon copy is a ______
cloned cat
A drug that can create polyploids is known as _____
colchicine
An aquaculture product that is protease used in tissue culturing is known as _____
collagenase
Which of the following is an example of solid phase bioremediation
composting
VNTR analysis involves______
cutting DNA with restriction enzyme and analyzing the banding pattern of fragments
Comparing DNA or RNA samples from two different organisms to identify differences in gene expression is known as______
differential display PCR
Which of the following approaches is not used to create a transgenic animal?
embryo twinning
Which of the following transgenic techniques requires ES cells to be collected from the inner blastocyst?
embryonic stem cell method
DNA is presented in all of the following human cell types except_____
erythrocytes (mature red blood cells)
Which of the following cell types would not be suitable for DNA fingerprinting?
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Which of the following genetic testing techniques would be the best choice for detecting a chromosome translocation
fish
Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to seperate DNA molecules by size?
gel electrophoresis
Which of the following techniques involves using tiny DNA-covered spheres of gold or other metals to deliver transgenes into plant or animal cells?
gene gun
_____ is the use of genes for treating human genetic disorders.
gene therapy
A common herbicide that crops can be engineered to resist is _______
glyphosphate
Polyploid organsisms_____
have extra complete sets of chromosomes
Marine_____ is/are a primary source of agar and agarose used in laboratories for making culture medians and gels
kelp
_____ animals have been genetically engineered so that a specific gene is disrupted and rendered nonfunctional
knockout
An enucleated egg cell ______
lacks a nucleus
Spreading contaminated soil on a pad so that water and other compounds can leak out of the soil is known as ______
landfarming
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is a gene's _________
locus
One of the most common organisms used to produce knockouts is ______
mice
_______ are tandemly repeated sequences of DNA also called short tandem repeats
microsatellites
The source of cyanide as a chemical pollutant is ______
mining processes
What types of cells fuse together to for hybridomas for making monoclonal antibodies
myeloma cells and B cells
What types of cells fuse together to form hybridomas for making monoclonal antibodies?
myeloma cells and B cells
Homologous recombination_______
occurs when creating a knockout animal
Bioremediation often requires the gain or loss of electrons as a mechanism to assist the process. loss of electrons is known as ______
oxidation
The source of benzene as a chemical pollutant is _____
petroleum products
Known as the "cell from cell," what toxin-producing dinoflagellate is responsible for significant fish kills in the mid-Atlantic region
pfiesteria piscicida
Which bioremediation approach involves using plans to degrade pollutants?
phytoremediation
The source of polyvinylchloride as a chemical pollutant is ______
plastic manufacturing
Growing aquatic plants and finfish species together with shared water resources is an example of_______
polyculture
Plants with more than the typical set of two chromosomes are known as ______
polyploid
Marine cone snails, Conus magus, are the source of _____
prialt, a peptide used as a pain reliever
Single-stranded DNA molecules that can bind to and be used to detect other DNA molecules are called _______
probes
Which of the following transgenic techniques requires no vector to be used?
pronuclear injection method
Plant cells with their cell walls removed are called ______
protoplasts
RoundUp-resistant plants are designed to _____.
provide resistance against herbicides
Bt transgenic crops are designed to ______.
provide resistance to insects
The source of dioxin as a chemical pollutant is _____
pulp and paper bleaching
Bioremediation often requires the gain or loss of electrons as a mechanism to assist the process. Ganin of electrons is known as ______
reduction
The gene that can detect the expression of another gene is called a/an
reporter gene
A limitation of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer is that_____
retroviruses integrate DNA randomly in the genome
One of the biggest problems with using DNA forensic analyses to solve crimes is _____
sample contamination
During which stage of wastewater treatment is the primary effluent aerated to allow for biodedegradation by aerobic microbes?
secondary treatment
During which stage of wastewater treatment are methanogenic microbes most important?
sludge digestion
Which bioremediation approach involves mixing contaminated soil with water, carbon dioxide, and fertilizers in a bioreactor to stimulate biodegradtion?
slurry-phase bioremediation
Which of the following techniques has been used to clone sheep, cats, cows, and several other types of mammals?
somatic cell nuclear transfer
Which of the following transgenic techniques requires linker proteins?
sperm-mediated method
The first genetically modified food product available for human consumption in the United States was ______
the Flavr Savr tomato
In a gene knock-in experiment, _______
the animal gene of interest is replaced with the human counterpart gene
The source of most mitochondrial DNA an organism inherits is _____
the cytoplasm of the sperm
The Innocence Project is an effort to use DNA evidence ______
to exonerate convicted individuals
The main purpose of creating Flavr Savr tomatoes was _____.
to make tomatoes rot-resistant
the transfer of DNA into eukaryotic cells is known as_____
transfection
_______ animals contain an inserted and functional gene from another source.
transgenic
Which of the following statements is incorrect about triploid species?
triploid species have an extra copy of one chromosome
The frye standard is ______
using methods that are tested and have gained general acceptance from the scientific community
Which of the following is an example of in vivo gene therapy?
using retroviruses to deliver therapeutic genes directly into a patient