BIS Ch. 11 Q's
11.2 35) Specialized systems built for engineers, scientists, and other knowledge workers charged with discovering and creating new knowledge for a company are called A) KWS. B) LMS. C) wikis. D) CAD systems.
A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 424 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 61) In this technique, descriptions of past experiences of human specialists are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a situation with similar characteristics. A) CBR B) fuzzy logic C) data mining D) LMS
A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 437-438 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 33) Informal social networks of professionals and employees within and outside the firm who have similar work-related activities and interests are called communities of A) practice. B) professionals. C) interest. D) knowledge.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 37) Which of the following would not be considered semistructured knowledge? A) request for proposals B) voice-mail C) videos D) e-mail
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 38) In content management, once a taxonomy is developed, documents must then be ________ with the proper classification. A) tagged B) linked C) tupled D) referenced
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 426 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 43) Most knowledge workers require specialized knowledge work systems, but they also rely on A) office systems. B) schools and universities. C) imaging systems. D) data transferring systems.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 46) CAD workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 55) Forward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 65) Hardware and software that attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain best describes A) a neural network. B) an expert system. C) case-based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 67) Genetic algorithms A) develop solutions to particular problems using fitness, crossover, and mutation. B) represent knowledge as groups of characteristics. C) do not work for most problems. D) are based on logic.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 442 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 68) Software programs that work without direct human intervention to carry out specific tasks for individual users, business processes, or software applications, are called A) intelligent agents. B) intelligent techniques. C) business intelligence. D) AI hybrid systems.
A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 443 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.1 27) What is meant by the statement "knowledge is sticky"? A) Knowledge is hard to move. B) Knowledge is universally applicable. C) Knowledge works only in certain situations. D) Knowledge is intangible.
A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 77) ________ seeks to enhance human perception by combining a live direct view of the physical world with computer-generated images.
AR, augmented reality Diff: 2 Page Ref: 433 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.1 24) The flow of events or transactions captured by an organization's system describes A) information. B) data. C) wisdom. D) knowledge.
B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 419 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 30) In order, which are the value-adding steps in the knowledge business value chain? A) acquire, store, disseminate, apply, feedback B) data and information acquisition, acquire, store, disseminate, apply C) acquire, disseminate, apply, feedback, management and organizational activities D) data and information acquisition, store, disseminate, feedback, apply
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 36) Which of the following is not a typical component or capability of an enterprise-wide knowledge management system? A) collaboration tools B) KWS C) document management D) LMS
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 39) You are advising a multimedia company on the best type of knowledge management system to help them archive digital video and sound clips. Which of the following will suit their needs? A) enterprise content management system B) digital asset management system C) knowledge network system D) VRML system
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 426 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 40) Which of the following is not a Web 2.0 tool firms are using to foster collaboration? A) blogs B) intranets C) wikis D) social bookmarking
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 426 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.1 21) From your reading of the chapter case, which of the following was the primary knowledge management challenge facing the city of Denver? A) inadequate storage facilities B) lack of integration C) lack of training support D) out-of-date modes of dissemination
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 427 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.3 45) ________ often are designed and optimized for the specific tasks to be performed. A) Graphics programs B) Knowledge workstations C) Virtual simulators D) CAD stations
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 69) What type of intelligent technique helped Procter & Gamble determine the most efficient methods for their trucks to deliver goods? A) fuzzy logic B) intelligent agents C) genetic algorithms D) none of the above
B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 443 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 22) The percentage of gross domestic product of the United States that is produced by the knowledge and information sectors is estimated to be about ________ percent. A) 25 B) 45 C) 65 D) 85
B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 419 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 51) Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique? A) knowledge networks B) case-based reasoning C) computer-aided design D) VRML
B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 434 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 59) Virtually all expert systems deal with problems of A) policy development. B) classification. C) logic and control. D) high complexity.
B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 437 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 32) Which of the following systems digitizes, indexes, and tags documents according to a coherent framework? A) wikis B) CAD C) document management D) LMS
C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 422 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.1 23) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between collaboration and knowledge management? A) Without knowledge, collaboration is difficult. B) Knowledge doesn't exist without collaboration. C) Knowledge is useful only when shared with others. D) As knowledge increases, so does collaboration.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 419 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
2.1 58) Which of the following does not describe the dimensions of knowledge in a firm? A) It is contextual and applicable only in relevant situations. B) It is intangible. C) It is subject to the laws of diminishing returns. D) It is a cognitive event involving mental models.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 41) Which of the following statements about 3D printing is not true? A) It creates solid objects. B) It is also called additive manufacturing. C) It is only usable to make prototypes. D) It creates objects layer by layer.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 53) Technology that consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior is called A) fuzzy logic. B) neural networks. C) AI technology. D) genetic algorithms.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 57) Expert systems A) solve problems too difficult for human experts. B) are based on DO WHILE rules. C) work in very limited domains. D) share characteristics with mainframe computing.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 63) You are an automotive engineer working on an application that will automatically parallel park a car. The intelligent technique you may find most useful is A) case-based reasoning. B) artificial intelligence. C) fuzzy logic. D) expert system.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Evaluation
11.4 64) Fuzzy logic is a type of A) data mining. B) neural network. C) intelligent technique. D) business intelligence.
C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 28) Which of the following is not one of the main four dimensions of knowledge described in the chapter? A) Knowledge is a firm asset. B) Knowledge has different forms. C) Knowledge has no locations. D) Knowledge is situational.
C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 31) The set of business processes, culture, and behavior required to obtain value from investments in information systems is one type of A) knowledge culture. B) knowledge discovery. C) organizational and management capital. D) organizational routine.
C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 60) Expert systems are expensive and time consuming to maintain because A) their rule base is so complex. B) they rely on equipment that becomes outdated. C) their rules must be reprogrammed every time there is a change in the environment, which in turn may change the applicable rules. D) only the person who created the system knows exactly how it works, and may not be available when changes are needed.
C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 437 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.4 66) Which of the following describes a difference between neural networks and genetic algorithms? A) Genetic algorithms are designed to process large amounts of information. B) Genetic algorithms are a type of knowledge discovery, while neural networks are an intelligent technique. C) Neural networks are programmed to "learn." D) all of the above
C Diff: 3 Page Ref: 440-442 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 29) Changing organizational behavior by sensing and responding to new experience and knowledge is called A) change management. B) knowledge networking. C) the knowledge value chain. D) organizational learning.
D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 421 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 49) Investment workstations A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) are used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.
D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 434 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 44) Apple's Siri application is an example of A) neural networks. B) CBR. C) artificial intelligence. D) intelligent agents.
D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 443 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.1 25) Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes A) wisdom. B) information. C) data. D) tacit knowledge.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 34) Which of the following are the three major types of knowledge management systems? A) management information systems, decision support systems, and transaction processing systems B) enterprise systems, customer support systems, and supply chain management systems C) database management systems, expert systems, and knowledge work systems D) enterprise-wide knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 42) Tools for the management, delivery, tracking, and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes a(n) A) investment workstation. B) organizational learning system. C) employee enrichment system. D) learning management system.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 428-429 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 47) Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system? A) computer-aided design system B) 3D visualization system C) investment workstations D) expert system
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430-434 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.3 48) Virtual reality systems A) provide engineers, designers, and factory managers with precise control over industrial design and manufacturing. B) provide an important source of expertise for organizations. C) allow groups to work together on documents. D) provide architects, engineers, and medical workers with precise, photorealistic simulations of objects.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431-434 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 52) Which of the following techniques is used for knowledge discovery? A) expert system B) transaction processing systems C) case-based reasoning D) data mining
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 434 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 54) An inference engine is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in case-based reasoning. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system by forward chaining or backward chaining.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 56) Backward chaining is A) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with information entered by the user. B) the programming environment of an expert system. C) a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks. D) a strategy for searching the rule base in an expert system that begins with a hypothesis.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 437 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 62) Your company wants to develop intelligent techniques to create a "smart" oven that can perfectly cook basic foodstuffs, such as roasts and bread, using sensors and minimal input from the user. The system would know the difference between rare, medium rare, medium, and well done roasts. The category of intelligent technique that would describe this system is A) expert system. B) neural network. C) case-based reasoning. D) fuzzy logic.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Synthesis
11.4 70) To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management a firm would most likely use A) CAD systems. B) virtual reality systems. C) fuzzy logic systems. D) intelligent agents.
D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 443 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.1 26) Which of the following statements is not an accurate description of the importance of knowledge to a firm? A) Knowledge experiences network effects as more people share it. B) Knowledge should be seen as an intangible key asset. C) Knowledge enables firms to become more efficient in their use of scarce resources. D) Knowledge is unconditional.
D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.3 50) Which of the following systems is not used to capture tacit knowledge? A) expert system B) case-based reasoning C) fuzzy logic D) neural network
D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 434 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 89) What do you see as the challenges in setting up a knowledge management system?
Determining what knowledge will be the most effective or offer the most benefits to the company; defining taxonomies, gathering accurate knowledge, quantifying the system's success, change management and implementing business processes that incorporate the system. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 419-426 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Evaluation
1) Enterprise content management systems are designed to manage structured information, while other systems, such as KWS, are designed to manage semistructured and unstructured information.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 417 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 4) Knowledge is universally applicable and easily moved.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 5) CAD is a type of intelligent technique.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 424 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 7) Structured knowledge is explicit knowledge that exists in informal documents.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 425 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 6) Knowledge workers include all of a company's workers who are tasked with managing or creating knowledge, from top-level scientists to clerical and data workers.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 429 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 10) Expert systems are the primary tools used for knowledge discovery.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 14) Case-based reasoning is not well-suited for diagnostic systems in medicine.
FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 438 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 2) Knowledge residing in the minds of employees that has not been documented is called explicit knowledge.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 8) Semistructured information is all the knowledge in a firm that resides in the heads of experienced employees.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 425 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 9) VRML requires the use of a powerful server as well as large amounts of bandwidth.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 434 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 13) Expert systems work by applying a set of AND/OR rules against a knowledge base, both of which are extracted from human experts.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 16) Fuzzy logic systems "learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 17) Because neural network applications cannot always explain why they arrive at a particular solution, they are not well suited for use in the medical profession.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 441 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.3 19) Intelligent agents can discover underlying patterns, categories, and behaviors in large data sets.
FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 443 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 82) Briefly outline the knowledge management chain as it might apply to the online catalog system of a public library.
Steps in the knowledge management chain include: Acquisition: for an online catalog of a library this would be getting the book data into digital format. Storage: This would involve the systems for storing this data, perhaps a central server. Dissemination: The library would need to determine how the card catalog information is accessed by the public or by staff. Application: This would involve the card catalog becoming part of the library's business processes: for example, the card catalog would be linked to a system of borrowing, so that users would know from the card catalog whether a book was out on loan. Management and organizational activities: This would entail using the system with a card catalog base for other services, perhaps linking up to a wider library system to share resources, information, or book loaning between systems. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421-423 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Synthesis
11.1 72) ________ is explicit knowledge that exists in formal documents, as well as in formal rules that organizations derive by observing experts and their decision-making behaviors.
Structured knowledge Diff: 1 Page Ref: 424 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 85) Why are knowledge workers so important to the digital firm? What are their functions and which of these do you feel is most critical to the success of the firm? Why?
Student answers will vary, but should include an understanding of the three main functions of knowledge workers. An example answer is: Knowledge workers create new products or find ways to improve existing ones. Without them, the firm would stagnate and become less competitive in an environment that is always changing and is increasingly more competitive. In the modern economy, knowledge is truly power. The three major functions of knowledge workers are: keeping the organization up-to-date in knowledge as it develops in the external world; serving as internal consultants regarding their areas of knowledge and its opportunities; and acting as change agents as they evaluate, initiate, and promote new projects. The most important of these is to develop new knowledge as it applies to the making of products or services, as offering products and services is the mainstay of the corporation. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 419-425 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Evaluation
11.1 90) You have been hired by a small architectural firm interested in implementing a knowledge management system. What features do you think would be of most benefit to them?
Student answers will vary. The ability to store structured documents, such as plans, blueprints; collaboration tools, the ability to reference up-to-date local or national building codes, a system for storing case studies, best practices, and corporate standards. Also of importance is a knowledge work system or CAD to aid in engineering and design. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 419-444 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Evaluation
11.1 3) Knowledge can reside in e-mail, voice mail, graphics, and unstructured documents as well as structured documents.
TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 11) Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.
TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 20) For a firm, organizational resources are needed to transform data into knowledge.
TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 18) 3D printing today is used to create small objects such as hip replacements.
TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 12) Expert systems are typically used in business in discrete, highly structured decision-making situations.
TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 15) Fuzzy logic can describe a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represent that description in a small number of flexible rules.
TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.2 84) How can knowledge be gathered from the personal and undocumented expertise of professionals within a firm? List at least four ways to gather and disseminate such knowledge.
The expertise and experience of firm employees can be gathered by documenting their experience through documenting best practices and frequently asked questions. You can also develop a referral system by providing a way for employees to find a company expert for the solution they are looking for. There is commercially available software for enterprise-wide knowledge network system, but other tools you can use include best-practices documents, FAQs, social bookmarking, collaboration tools, wikis, and blogs for helping gather and disseminate tacit knowledge. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424-429 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.1 83) Identify the three major types of knowledge management systems. Provide two examples of each.
The major types of knowledge management systems are enterprise knowledge management systems, knowledge work systems, and intelligent techniques. Enterprise knowledge management systems include: enterprise content management systems, digital asset management systems, learning management systems, and knowledge networks. Knowledge work systems include: computer-aided design systems, virtual reality systems, and financial investment workstations. Intelligent techniques include: data mining, expert systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid AI systems, and intelligent agents. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 423-434 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.3 87) Discuss the concept of virtual reality, especially with regard to VRML and its applications in the business arena.
Virtual reality systems use interactive graphics software and hardware to create the illusion of reality in cyberspace. The original applications were in gaming, but new uses in education, science, and business are being developed and have great promise. Virtual reality applications are being developed for the Web using a standard called Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), which can organize multiple media types to put users in a simulated real-world environment. VRML is platform independent, operates over a desktop computer, and requires little bandwidth. DuPont's HyperPlant is an example of a business application. HyperPlant allows users to go through three-dimensional models as if they were physically walking through a plant, which reduces errors during the construction of manufacturing structures. Augmented reality systems combine a direct view of physical world with computer-generated imagery to enhance the perception of reality. AR has been used in sports broadcasts, image guided surgery, military training, and other fields. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431-434 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.4 71) ________ is thought to be the collective and individual experience of applying knowledge to the solution of problems.
Wisdom Diff: 1 Page Ref: 420 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 76) User-created taxonomies created for shared bookmarks are called ________.
folksonomies Diff: 2 Page Ref: 426 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 80) Systems that integrate genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and expert systems are called ________ systems.
hybrid AI Diff: 2 Page Ref: 444 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 78) The model of human knowledge used by expert systems is called the ________.
knowledge base Diff: 2 Page Ref: 435 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 75) The terms used in a fuzzy logic system to describe imprecise states or conditions are referred to as ________.
membership functions Diff: 3 Page Ref: 439 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.4 79) A(n) ________ is a type of intelligent technique that finds patterns and relationships in massive data sets too large for a human to analyze.
neural network Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.1 73) A(n) ________ is a scheme for classifying information and knowledge in such a way that it can be easily accessed.
taxonomy Diff: 2 Page Ref: 426 AACSB: Reflective thinking skills CASE: Content
11.4 81) What is knowledge management? What types of knowledge might a company such as a taxi service have, and could a taxi service benefit from knowledge management?
Knowledge management is the set of processes developed in an organization to create, gather, store, disseminate, and apply the firm's knowledge. A taxi company's knowledge might include explicit knowledge, such as maps and routes between destinations. Tacit knowledge would include the experience of drivers, such as the best alternate routes between destinations or passenger needs. A taxi service might benefit from a system that gave drivers guides on routes that included alternate routes drivers had found. It might benefit from a learning management system that trained drivers for locations, destinations, and alternate routes. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 421-422 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Evaluation
11.2 86) Identify three important qualities or capabilities of knowledge work systems.
Knowledge work systems must give knowledge workers the specialized tools they need, such as powerful graphics, analytical tools, and communications and document-management tools. Knowledge work systems must provide a user-friendly interface to the KWS. These user-friendly interfaces save time by allowing the user to perform needed tasks and get to required information without having to spend a lot of time learning to use the computer. Knowledge work systems must be carefully designed to optimize the performance of the specific tasks of the pertinent knowledge worker. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Analysis
11.2 74) ________ is the study of how computer programs can improve their performance without explicit programming.
Machine learning Diff: 2 Page Ref: 440 AACSB: Use of information technology CASE: Content
11.3 88) What is the difference between a neural network, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms? Which would be most useful to an organization of astronomers analyzing gamma ray emissions reaching Earth?
A neural network attempts to emulate the processing patterns of the biological brain. The results are a program that can "learn" by comparing solutions to known problems to sets of data presented to it. Neural networks are used for solving complex, poorly understood problems for which large amounts of data have been collected. Fuzzy logic creates rules that use approximate or subjective values. It describes a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represents that logic in a small number of flexible rules. Genetic algorithms are problem-solving methods that use the model of living organisms adapting to their environment. Possible solutions are evaluated, the "best" choices are made, then more possible solutions are created by combining the factors involved in those first "best" choices, and choosing again. The process continues until an optimum solution is reached. These genetic algorithms are useful for finding the optimal solution for a specific problem by examining a very large number of alternative solutions for that problem. Student evaluations will vary. One answer is: I think a neural network would be of most use because of its ability to analyze large amounts of data and find hidden relationships. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 438-443 AACSB: Analytic skills CASE: Synthesis