BJU Physical Science (6th ed) - Chapter 4
- nonmetals - halogens - noble gases
3 types of nonmetals
- alkali - alkaline-earth - transition - inner transition - post transition
5 types of metals
Periodic Table
A chart of the elements arranged according to increasing atomic number
nonreactive
Another name for inert
column
Elements in the same ______________________________ on the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons.
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chorine, helium, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, neon
Eleven (11) elements that are gases
valence electrons
Every element in a family/group has the same number of ______________
energy level
Every row or period represents an __________________ ______________ .
increasing atomic number
How is the periodic table arranged?
118
How many elements are in the Periodic Table?
8 or 18
How many families/groups are in the Periodic Table? (2 answers)
7 periods
How many periods are in the Periodic Table?
eight
How many valence electrons do most of the noble gases have?
4 or more
How many valence electrons do nonmetals have?
one
How many valence electrons do the alkali metals have?
two
How many valence electrons do the alkaline-earth metals have?
seven electrons
How many valence electrons do the halogens have?
physical
Is conductivity a physical or chemical property?
chemical
Is reactivity a physical or chemical property?
80 %
Metals make up what percent of the elements?
- have properties of both metals and non-metals - semi-conductors. - brittle, metallic solid
Properties of metalloids
- luster - malleable - ductile - highly conductive - highly reactive
Properties of metals
- gas, liquid, solid - poor conductivity - reactivity varies
Properties of nonmetals
- soft, silvery solids - easily lose 1 electron to form +1 cation - most reactive of the metals
Properties of the alkali metals
- soft, silvery-white solids - easily lose 2 electrons to form +2 cation - reactive, but not as reactive as alkali metals
Properties of the alkaline earth metals
- seven valence electrons - gain 1 electron to form -1 anions - highly reactive
Properties of the halogen group
- eight valence electrons - unreactive group - inert
Properties of the noble gas group
- one or two valence electrons - easily lose 1 or 2 electrons forming cations
Properties of the transition metals
Mercury and Bromine
Two (2) elements that are liquids
Hydrogen
What Group 1 metal is really a nonmetal?
alkali metals
What are the Group/Family 1 metals called?
alkaline earth metals
What are the Group/Family 2 metals called?
metals, metalloids, nonmetals
What are the three types of elements?
semiconductors
What is another name for metalloids?
group or family
What is another name for the columns in the Periodic Table?
periods/series
What is another name for the rows in the Periodic Table?
1+ cations
What type of ions do alkali metals form?
2+ cations
What type of ions do alkaline-earth metals form?
1- anions
What type of ions do halogens form?
metals
Which elements are more reactive and have more luster (shine) - metals, metalloids or nonmetals?
noble gases
Which elements are nonreactive or inert - alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, halogens, or noble gases?
nonmetals
Which elements exist as a gas, liquid or dull solid - metals, metalloids, nonmetals?
Actinide
Which inner transition metals are radioactive - the Lanthanide series or the Actinide series?
ductile
elements that able to be pulled into a thin wire
malleable
elements that can be molded or hammered into sheets or shapes
shiny
lustrous
Stairstep line
separates the metals from the nonmetals
electrons in the outermost energy level of a neutral atom
valence electrons
