BJU Physical Science (6th ed) - Chapter 4

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- nonmetals - halogens - noble gases

3 types of nonmetals

- alkali - alkaline-earth - transition - inner transition - post transition

5 types of metals

Periodic Table

A chart of the elements arranged according to increasing atomic number

nonreactive

Another name for inert

column

Elements in the same ______________________________ on the Periodic Table have the same number of valence electrons.

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chorine, helium, argon, xenon, krypton, radon, neon

Eleven (11) elements that are gases

valence electrons

Every element in a family/group has the same number of ______________

energy level

Every row or period represents an __________________ ______________ .

increasing atomic number

How is the periodic table arranged?

118

How many elements are in the Periodic Table?

8 or 18

How many families/groups are in the Periodic Table? (2 answers)

7 periods

How many periods are in the Periodic Table?

eight

How many valence electrons do most of the noble gases have?

4 or more

How many valence electrons do nonmetals have?

one

How many valence electrons do the alkali metals have?

two

How many valence electrons do the alkaline-earth metals have?

seven electrons

How many valence electrons do the halogens have?

physical

Is conductivity a physical or chemical property?

chemical

Is reactivity a physical or chemical property?

80 %

Metals make up what percent of the elements?

- have properties of both metals and non-metals - semi-conductors. - brittle, metallic solid

Properties of metalloids

- luster - malleable - ductile - highly conductive - highly reactive

Properties of metals

- gas, liquid, solid - poor conductivity - reactivity varies

Properties of nonmetals

- soft, silvery solids - easily lose 1 electron to form +1 cation - most reactive of the metals

Properties of the alkali metals

- soft, silvery-white solids - easily lose 2 electrons to form +2 cation - reactive, but not as reactive as alkali metals

Properties of the alkaline earth metals

- seven valence electrons - gain 1 electron to form -1 anions - highly reactive

Properties of the halogen group

- eight valence electrons - unreactive group - inert

Properties of the noble gas group

- one or two valence electrons - easily lose 1 or 2 electrons forming cations

Properties of the transition metals

Mercury and Bromine

Two (2) elements that are liquids

Hydrogen

What Group 1 metal is really a nonmetal?

alkali metals

What are the Group/Family 1 metals called?

alkaline earth metals

What are the Group/Family 2 metals called?

metals, metalloids, nonmetals

What are the three types of elements?

semiconductors

What is another name for metalloids?

group or family

What is another name for the columns in the Periodic Table?

periods/series

What is another name for the rows in the Periodic Table?

1+ cations

What type of ions do alkali metals form?

2+ cations

What type of ions do alkaline-earth metals form?

1- anions

What type of ions do halogens form?

metals

Which elements are more reactive and have more luster (shine) - metals, metalloids or nonmetals?

noble gases

Which elements are nonreactive or inert - alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, transition metals, halogens, or noble gases?

nonmetals

Which elements exist as a gas, liquid or dull solid - metals, metalloids, nonmetals?

Actinide

Which inner transition metals are radioactive - the Lanthanide series or the Actinide series?

ductile

elements that able to be pulled into a thin wire

malleable

elements that can be molded or hammered into sheets or shapes

shiny

lustrous

Stairstep line

separates the metals from the nonmetals

electrons in the outermost energy level of a neutral atom

valence electrons


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