Bju press earth science chapter 6
surface waves
seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface
Shear stress
stress that occurs when forces act in parallel but opposite directions, pushing parts of a solid in opposite directions
P waves (Primary waves)
travel through liquids and solids, push and pull, faster, arrive first
S waves (secondary waves)
travel through solids only; cause rock to move in a side-to-side or up & down motion, slower waves
Fault
(geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other
Hazard
A danger or risk.
Seismograph
A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth
Tsunami
A giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.
Intensity
A measure of how much damage actually results from earthquakes
convergent boundary
A tectonic plate boundary where two plates collide, come together, or crash into each other., create mountains, subduction.
Seismometer
Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake.
Stress
Is a force exerted inside a material, A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume
magnitude
Measure of the energy released during an earthquake
Epicenter
Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus
Risk
Possibility of injury or death
joints
Rocks under stress form cracks are called this
Love waves
Surface waves that shear the ground in a horizontal direction. Can only travel through solids. Third to arrive.
Rayleigh waves
Surface waves that travel in a backward-rotating, elliptical motion, causing both vertical and horizontal ground movement. Can travel through solid, liquid, and gas. Fourth to arrive. Dangerous.
Ductility
The amount of strain a material can endure without breaking
divergent boundary
The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
focus
The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
earthquake
The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. Result if fault slipping
Richter scale
a logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 used to express the energy released by an earthquake
landslide
a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff
after shock
a smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake.