"BJU World History Chapter 6"

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What was Basill II known AS?

"Bulgar Slayer"

Muezzin

"Crier" who calls the faithful to prayer five times a day from the minaret.

What are Icons?

"Iconoclasm" destrction of Icons

What are Icons #4?

"Iconoclasm"- Destruction of Icons

Allah

God of Islam.

al-Razi and ibn Sina

Greatest Physician of the Muslim World Islam Scientist & Philosopher.

"Queen of the Mediterranean"

Greece

Muhammad

He claimed to be the last and greatest of prophets. His teachings became the basis for Islam. Name means "highly praised."

Justinian

He rose from humble origins to become one of the most famous Byzantine emperors. Regained much lost territory through an expensive military effort, had massive building programs, enacted the Justinian Code. Left the empire financially drained upon his death.

Aspect #1 of 5 of the Byzantine military

Army officers required to study geography and Battle strategy

Caliphs

"Successors" of Mohammed who directed the affairs of Islam, exercising spiritual, political, and military authority. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.

Yaroslav

"The Wise." He greatly strengthened Kiev's position of leadership; Kiev became known as the "Mother of Russian Cities." and saw the peak of its power. His reign saw the greatest territorial expansion of the early Russian state. He negotiated marriage alliances and sponsored the earliest Russian code of laws.

Justinian Code

A systematic arrangement of laws that clarified Roman legal principles. The basis for many European law codes today.

Was was the Justinian Code?

A systematic arrangements of laws that clarified Roman legal princeples

Umayyad

(661_750) First Ruling Dynasty over Muslim Caliphate

Who was Basil II

*Known as "Buglar Slayer"

Be able to tell what are the Five Pillars of Islam

1. Declaration of Faith 2.Obligatory Prayer 3.Cumpolsary Giving 4. Fasting in the Month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimages of Mecca

Five Pillars of Islam

1. Shahadah: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Salat: Prayers must be recited five times a day while facing Mecca. 3. Zakat: "Purification." Alms must be given to the poor. 4. Sawm: A required fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 5. Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca. Required once of every able Muslim.

What does the Qur'an say about murder?

109 Verses ill if sinners, but kill if they attack you.

How many chapters does the Koran have?

114

Basil II Captured how many prisoners?

15, 000

How many Bulgar prisoner did Basill II capture?

15,000

3 Groups of Slavs: Who were the YUGO Slavs

1918 Privilaged nation Bristish Scholar

Minaret

A tall tower that is part of the mosque or adjacent to it.

Who is Ishmael?

Abrahams son by Hagar, Sarahs servant. Founder of Arab Tribes.

Battle of Tours

732 AD Christians Deeat Muslim Invaders and Stop the Spread of Islams

What is a Mosaic?

A Byzantine at created by in laying tiny peisces of glass or tone in wet cement or plaster.

Describe "Greek Fire" (p113)

A Byzatine Weapon Consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignite when exposed to water

What elements did the organized church incorporate into the Christian Faith (p112)

A Reliance on tradition alongside scripture, teaching that one is born again through baptism

Crusades

A Series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th century, by western European Christians to reclaim control of holy lands.

Mosaic

A favorite decorative art that graced the walls and ceilings of Byzantine churches. Glass and stone laid in wet cement.

What does Muslim mean?

A follower of Islam

Nika Revolt

A popular uprising in 532 that threatened to topple Justinian from power. Name comes from the battle cry of the people meaning "conquer!"

Seljuk Turks

A powerful force in the East. Originally nomadic tribes from central Asia, they adopted Arab culture and the Islamic religion. Conquered Byzantine-controlled Asia Minor in 1071.

What is the Kaaba?

A religious temple in Mecca that became sacred toMuslims

Kaaba

A sacred shrine that housed hundreds of pagan idols at Mecca.

What did Basill II do after he capture them?

After blinding them sent them back to their king accompanied by 150 blind men?

Describe the Koran book?

Allah Laid dowm ever solution and problem in Life

Name the two contradictions (of Islam) mentioned

Allah be seen Angels cause death of people

Who was Theodora

Ambitious, not content to sit and let her husband do everything.... founded hospitals for the poor, turned an old palace into a home for destitute women.

What are Icons #1?

Any Relies work of Art

What are Icons?

Any Relies work of Art

calligraphy

Became Islamics highest art form of writing.

ibn Sina

Best remembered for his work with tuberculosis. Muslim physician who wrote many medical books in which they recorded their practical experience in identifying and treating various diseases.

What did Basil II do to them?

Blinded them & Sent them back to their king accompanied by 150 blind men)

muezzin

Calls the faithful to prayer from a minaret

"Constantine's City"

Capital of Eastern Algeria Population of 448, 374 Third Largest City

What was Basill II know FOR?

Captured Bulgar prisoners

Tatars Mongols

Captured Russian Cities and Largly destroyedKievan state in 1236

Aspect #2 of 5 of the Byzantine Military

Collected information on people groups who surrounded the empire

What does the Orthodox mean?

Conforming to the Christian Faith as represented in the creeds of the early church

What does Orthodox mean?

Conforming to the Christian Faith us represented in the creeds of the early church

Second Rome

Constinapole- Connection to Western Roman Empire

Aspect #4 of 5 of the Byzantine Military

Could out maneuver and out run almost any enemy

Umayyads

Created a hereditary dynasty, ending the practice of selecting the caliph from among the close friends and relatives of Muhammad.

What is "Excommunicated"?

Depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church

Excommunicate

Depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church.

The Orthodox Church was from the West or East?

East

Slavs

Eastern European people group whose ancestors played a major role in establishing the early Russian state.

"New Rome"

Emperor Constantine formally dedicated this new capital for the Roman Empire in 330. It became more widely known as Constantinople. "Queen of the Mediterranean." Now called Istanbul.

Aspect #5 of 5 of the Byzantine Military

Equipped with reek Fire

Tartars

Fierce Mongolian warriors from central Asia. They swept into Russian and and destroyed Kiev in 1240.

Muslims

Followers of Islam. Means "submitters to God."

What is the Koran/Qur'an?

Holy Book of Islam

Jihad

Holy War of the Muslims. Conquest of the Arabs.

Islamic Civilization--- The Cradle of Islam?

In South West Asia, Three Million Savcre Kilometers

1054

In this year, the split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the church in the East became permanent.

What are Icons #3?

Influenced by Syrian Persian art

What are Icons?

Influenced by Syrian Persian art

What is the "Dome of the Rock?"

Is a shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock is now one of the oldest works of Islamic architecture.

Allah

Islamic God

Jihad

Islamic Holy War

mosque

Islamic place of worship

What is Mecca?

Islams holliest City. Brithplace of Muhhamed

Islam

Means "submission [to the will of God.]" A new religion formed by Muhammad.

Vladimir I

Kievan ruler who ordered the destruction of pagan idols and temples and established Orthodox Christianity as the official state religion.

Basil II

Known as the "Bulgar Slayer." He crushed the Bulgars in the Balkan region and added their kingdoms to the empire. Under Basil, the culture and trade of Justinian's time was revived.

Slavs

Largest group of Russians whose ancestors played a major role in establishing the early Russian State.

Who is/was Justinian?

Lived a disciplined life- ate lithe, rose early, worked late, studied music, law theology, and architecture late into the night

Eastern Orthodox Church

Made up of various national churches. Do not recognize one man as their leader. Each patriarch exercises authority over his own national church and is in equal position to every other patriarch.

Abu Bakr

Mohammeds earliest converts. Succeeded Muhammed.

What happened in 622?

Mohammeds flight from Mecca

Kiev

Mother of Russian Cities

622

Muhammad made the fateful decision to flee Mecca and move to Medina in this year.

Hegira

Muhammeds Journey from Mecca To Medina

Omar Khayyam

Muslim Poet Mathematician Astronomer

Ottoman Turks

Muslim invaders that conqgured constinople in 1453

Ottoman Turks

Muslim invaders who sacked Constantinople and killed the last Byzantine emperor.

al-Razi

Muslim physician who wrote many medical books in which they recorded their practical experience in identifying and treating various diseases.Best remembered for his work with smallpox.

Aspect #3 of 5 of the Byzantine Military

Navy had fast ships manned by 230 oarsmen and carrying 70 marines

What are Icons #2?

Now means aa small personal panel

What are Icons?

Now means aa small personal panel

Patriarchate

Office or Jurisdiction of a patriarch

Describe why Vladimir chose to base his "monotheistic religion" on the Eastern Orthodox Church (p117)

Ordered destruction over Pagan idols and temples

Abbasid Dynasty

Succeeded the Umayyads Cis Caliphs within Islam in 750 CE

Hagia Sophia

The church which name means "Holy Wisdom." The most famous example of fine Byzantine architecture. Constantinople.

Icons

Painted images of Christ and the saints used for worship.

Rus

People led by Rurik who came to rule Kiev and Slavic tribes along the Dniper River

Omar Khayyam

Perhaps the most renowned Muslim poet and famed mathematician.

Mosques

Places of Muslim worship. The best examples of Muslim architecture.

What happened in 1054 AD

Pope excommunicate each other along with the formal serration of the eastern Orthodox church and Roman Church

Cyril and Methodius 0 What did they develop?

Two Byzantine missionaries to the Slavic People in Russia

What does Islam mean?

Religion of Muslims

Nika Revolt-

Riot in 532, threatened to topple Justinian from power. "Nika" means Conquer!

Yaroslav

Ruler during Golden age of Keive issued a law code

Vladimir I

Ruler of the Kieve (980-1015)

Rurik

Russian military leader and lendary first king of Russians

What elements did the organized church incorporate into the Christian Faith ( p 112)

Sacred works achieve salvation increased authority given to leaders

Rus

Slavic designation of the Norsemen meaning "rowers" or "seafarers."

Ishmael

Son of Abraham. Although he was not the child of God's special promise, God blessed him. His descendants lived in the Arabian Peninsula and became numerous.

What are the chapters called in the Koran?

Suras

Varangians

Swedish Horseman who plundered Slavic villages

Varangians

Swedish Norsemen sailed south from the Baltic Sea and plundered Slavic villages along the rivers.

Who was Muhammad?

The Arab Porphet who Founded Islam (570-632)

1453

The Byzantine Empire finally came to an end in this year when a new wave of Muslims sacked Constantinople and killed the last emperor.

Battle of Manzikert

The Byzantine army fell to the Seljuk Turks in 1071 here. Since that day, Asia Minor has remained under the control of the Turks.

"New Rome"

The capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire, known as Constantinople

Byzantine Empire

The Eastern Roman Empire, after the collapse of the Western part

What happen in 1453

The Ottoman Turks sacked Constantinople and nople and killed the last Byzantine emperor

Crusades

The West sent several military expeditions to free the East, especially the Holy Land, from Muslim invaders.

Calligraphy

The art of visually beautiful writing.

Battle of Manzikert

The battle where the Sejuk Turks conquered The Byzanitne army, and since that a day Byzntine is ruled under Turkish.

What is the Hagia Sophia?

The finest example of Byzantine architecture- A church whose name means "Holy Wisdom"

Abu Bakr

The first caliph. Father of one of Muhammad's wives and early convert of Muhammad.

caliphs

The military and political leaders of the Muslim community

Hegira

The move of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina. Celebrated as year 1 in the Muslim calender. Means "Flight."

Byzantine Empire

The remnant of the Roman Empire in the East. Survived 1000 years after Rome fell in the west. Capital = Constantinople. A blending of the cultural heritage of ancient Greece and the cultures of the Near East. Strongly influenced the people of Russia and southeastern Europe. Fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks.

Koran

The sacred book and primary authority of the Muslims. Means "recitation." Chapters are called suras.

Selijuk Turks

The sejuk turks went on the crusades had a sultan and created a muslim dynasty

minaret

The tower attached to the mosque from which the mueszzine o arier, calls the faithful to prayer.

862

The traditional date for the beginning of Russian history.

Theodora

The wife of Justinian who had a strong character and gave timely counsel. Theodora was formerly from a questionable lifestyle, but after marrying Justinian she became an important co-ruler and adviser to him.

Cyril and Methodius

These Byzantine brothers were Orthodox missionaries to the Slavic peoples of Russia and southeastern Europe. They developed a written language for the Slavic tribes.

Bedouins

These nomads roamed the desert in search of pastureland and water for their herds of goats, sheep, and camels.

Seljuk Turks

They were nomadic tribes from central asia. Made a powerful force in the east.

Rurik

This Varagian warrior gained control of Novgorod about 862 whether by invitation or by force. He established the first ruling dynasty of of Russia.

Greek Fire

This weapon, which the Byzantines acquired in the seventh century, was an explosive mixture of naptha oil, sulfur, and saltpeter. It could not be put out with water.

What was Justinian's Chief objective?

To Restore the Greatness of Rome

Battle of Tours

Umayyads pressed on into southern France until they were stopped by the Franks here in 732.

Abbasids

Under these, Arab supremacy within the Muslim empire gradually declined. They appointed many non Arabs to high government positions. Marks the peak of the Muslim empire.

What are Bedouins

Wandering/ Nomradic Arab Tribes

Eastern Orthodox Church

Was East

Roman Catholic Church

Was West

The Roman Catholic Church was from the West or East?

West

What are some issues that the East and West differed over? (pg 112)

When parish priest should marry or whether the church should use icons


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