"BJU World History Chapter 6"
What was Basill II known AS?
"Bulgar Slayer"
Muezzin
"Crier" who calls the faithful to prayer five times a day from the minaret.
What are Icons?
"Iconoclasm" destrction of Icons
What are Icons #4?
"Iconoclasm"- Destruction of Icons
Allah
God of Islam.
al-Razi and ibn Sina
Greatest Physician of the Muslim World Islam Scientist & Philosopher.
"Queen of the Mediterranean"
Greece
Muhammad
He claimed to be the last and greatest of prophets. His teachings became the basis for Islam. Name means "highly praised."
Justinian
He rose from humble origins to become one of the most famous Byzantine emperors. Regained much lost territory through an expensive military effort, had massive building programs, enacted the Justinian Code. Left the empire financially drained upon his death.
Aspect #1 of 5 of the Byzantine military
Army officers required to study geography and Battle strategy
Caliphs
"Successors" of Mohammed who directed the affairs of Islam, exercising spiritual, political, and military authority. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
Yaroslav
"The Wise." He greatly strengthened Kiev's position of leadership; Kiev became known as the "Mother of Russian Cities." and saw the peak of its power. His reign saw the greatest territorial expansion of the early Russian state. He negotiated marriage alliances and sponsored the earliest Russian code of laws.
Justinian Code
A systematic arrangement of laws that clarified Roman legal principles. The basis for many European law codes today.
Was was the Justinian Code?
A systematic arrangements of laws that clarified Roman legal princeples
Umayyad
(661_750) First Ruling Dynasty over Muslim Caliphate
Who was Basil II
*Known as "Buglar Slayer"
Be able to tell what are the Five Pillars of Islam
1. Declaration of Faith 2.Obligatory Prayer 3.Cumpolsary Giving 4. Fasting in the Month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimages of Mecca
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Shahadah: There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet. 2. Salat: Prayers must be recited five times a day while facing Mecca. 3. Zakat: "Purification." Alms must be given to the poor. 4. Sawm: A required fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan. 5. Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca. Required once of every able Muslim.
What does the Qur'an say about murder?
109 Verses ill if sinners, but kill if they attack you.
How many chapters does the Koran have?
114
Basil II Captured how many prisoners?
15, 000
How many Bulgar prisoner did Basill II capture?
15,000
3 Groups of Slavs: Who were the YUGO Slavs
1918 Privilaged nation Bristish Scholar
Minaret
A tall tower that is part of the mosque or adjacent to it.
Who is Ishmael?
Abrahams son by Hagar, Sarahs servant. Founder of Arab Tribes.
Battle of Tours
732 AD Christians Deeat Muslim Invaders and Stop the Spread of Islams
What is a Mosaic?
A Byzantine at created by in laying tiny peisces of glass or tone in wet cement or plaster.
Describe "Greek Fire" (p113)
A Byzatine Weapon Consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignite when exposed to water
What elements did the organized church incorporate into the Christian Faith (p112)
A Reliance on tradition alongside scripture, teaching that one is born again through baptism
Crusades
A Series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th century, by western European Christians to reclaim control of holy lands.
Mosaic
A favorite decorative art that graced the walls and ceilings of Byzantine churches. Glass and stone laid in wet cement.
What does Muslim mean?
A follower of Islam
Nika Revolt
A popular uprising in 532 that threatened to topple Justinian from power. Name comes from the battle cry of the people meaning "conquer!"
Seljuk Turks
A powerful force in the East. Originally nomadic tribes from central Asia, they adopted Arab culture and the Islamic religion. Conquered Byzantine-controlled Asia Minor in 1071.
What is the Kaaba?
A religious temple in Mecca that became sacred toMuslims
Kaaba
A sacred shrine that housed hundreds of pagan idols at Mecca.
What did Basill II do after he capture them?
After blinding them sent them back to their king accompanied by 150 blind men?
Describe the Koran book?
Allah Laid dowm ever solution and problem in Life
Name the two contradictions (of Islam) mentioned
Allah be seen Angels cause death of people
Who was Theodora
Ambitious, not content to sit and let her husband do everything.... founded hospitals for the poor, turned an old palace into a home for destitute women.
What are Icons #1?
Any Relies work of Art
What are Icons?
Any Relies work of Art
calligraphy
Became Islamics highest art form of writing.
ibn Sina
Best remembered for his work with tuberculosis. Muslim physician who wrote many medical books in which they recorded their practical experience in identifying and treating various diseases.
What did Basil II do to them?
Blinded them & Sent them back to their king accompanied by 150 blind men)
muezzin
Calls the faithful to prayer from a minaret
"Constantine's City"
Capital of Eastern Algeria Population of 448, 374 Third Largest City
What was Basill II know FOR?
Captured Bulgar prisoners
Tatars Mongols
Captured Russian Cities and Largly destroyedKievan state in 1236
Aspect #2 of 5 of the Byzantine Military
Collected information on people groups who surrounded the empire
What does the Orthodox mean?
Conforming to the Christian Faith as represented in the creeds of the early church
What does Orthodox mean?
Conforming to the Christian Faith us represented in the creeds of the early church
Second Rome
Constinapole- Connection to Western Roman Empire
Aspect #4 of 5 of the Byzantine Military
Could out maneuver and out run almost any enemy
Umayyads
Created a hereditary dynasty, ending the practice of selecting the caliph from among the close friends and relatives of Muhammad.
What is "Excommunicated"?
Depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church
Excommunicate
Depriving an individual of the sacraments and excluding him from the fellowship of the church.
The Orthodox Church was from the West or East?
East
Slavs
Eastern European people group whose ancestors played a major role in establishing the early Russian state.
"New Rome"
Emperor Constantine formally dedicated this new capital for the Roman Empire in 330. It became more widely known as Constantinople. "Queen of the Mediterranean." Now called Istanbul.
Aspect #5 of 5 of the Byzantine Military
Equipped with reek Fire
Tartars
Fierce Mongolian warriors from central Asia. They swept into Russian and and destroyed Kiev in 1240.
Muslims
Followers of Islam. Means "submitters to God."
What is the Koran/Qur'an?
Holy Book of Islam
Jihad
Holy War of the Muslims. Conquest of the Arabs.
Islamic Civilization--- The Cradle of Islam?
In South West Asia, Three Million Savcre Kilometers
1054
In this year, the split between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the church in the East became permanent.
What are Icons #3?
Influenced by Syrian Persian art
What are Icons?
Influenced by Syrian Persian art
What is the "Dome of the Rock?"
Is a shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem. The Dome of the Rock is now one of the oldest works of Islamic architecture.
Allah
Islamic God
Jihad
Islamic Holy War
mosque
Islamic place of worship
What is Mecca?
Islams holliest City. Brithplace of Muhhamed
Islam
Means "submission [to the will of God.]" A new religion formed by Muhammad.
Vladimir I
Kievan ruler who ordered the destruction of pagan idols and temples and established Orthodox Christianity as the official state religion.
Basil II
Known as the "Bulgar Slayer." He crushed the Bulgars in the Balkan region and added their kingdoms to the empire. Under Basil, the culture and trade of Justinian's time was revived.
Slavs
Largest group of Russians whose ancestors played a major role in establishing the early Russian State.
Who is/was Justinian?
Lived a disciplined life- ate lithe, rose early, worked late, studied music, law theology, and architecture late into the night
Eastern Orthodox Church
Made up of various national churches. Do not recognize one man as their leader. Each patriarch exercises authority over his own national church and is in equal position to every other patriarch.
Abu Bakr
Mohammeds earliest converts. Succeeded Muhammed.
What happened in 622?
Mohammeds flight from Mecca
Kiev
Mother of Russian Cities
622
Muhammad made the fateful decision to flee Mecca and move to Medina in this year.
Hegira
Muhammeds Journey from Mecca To Medina
Omar Khayyam
Muslim Poet Mathematician Astronomer
Ottoman Turks
Muslim invaders that conqgured constinople in 1453
Ottoman Turks
Muslim invaders who sacked Constantinople and killed the last Byzantine emperor.
al-Razi
Muslim physician who wrote many medical books in which they recorded their practical experience in identifying and treating various diseases.Best remembered for his work with smallpox.
Aspect #3 of 5 of the Byzantine Military
Navy had fast ships manned by 230 oarsmen and carrying 70 marines
What are Icons #2?
Now means aa small personal panel
What are Icons?
Now means aa small personal panel
Patriarchate
Office or Jurisdiction of a patriarch
Describe why Vladimir chose to base his "monotheistic religion" on the Eastern Orthodox Church (p117)
Ordered destruction over Pagan idols and temples
Abbasid Dynasty
Succeeded the Umayyads Cis Caliphs within Islam in 750 CE
Hagia Sophia
The church which name means "Holy Wisdom." The most famous example of fine Byzantine architecture. Constantinople.
Icons
Painted images of Christ and the saints used for worship.
Rus
People led by Rurik who came to rule Kiev and Slavic tribes along the Dniper River
Omar Khayyam
Perhaps the most renowned Muslim poet and famed mathematician.
Mosques
Places of Muslim worship. The best examples of Muslim architecture.
What happened in 1054 AD
Pope excommunicate each other along with the formal serration of the eastern Orthodox church and Roman Church
Cyril and Methodius 0 What did they develop?
Two Byzantine missionaries to the Slavic People in Russia
What does Islam mean?
Religion of Muslims
Nika Revolt-
Riot in 532, threatened to topple Justinian from power. "Nika" means Conquer!
Yaroslav
Ruler during Golden age of Keive issued a law code
Vladimir I
Ruler of the Kieve (980-1015)
Rurik
Russian military leader and lendary first king of Russians
What elements did the organized church incorporate into the Christian Faith ( p 112)
Sacred works achieve salvation increased authority given to leaders
Rus
Slavic designation of the Norsemen meaning "rowers" or "seafarers."
Ishmael
Son of Abraham. Although he was not the child of God's special promise, God blessed him. His descendants lived in the Arabian Peninsula and became numerous.
What are the chapters called in the Koran?
Suras
Varangians
Swedish Horseman who plundered Slavic villages
Varangians
Swedish Norsemen sailed south from the Baltic Sea and plundered Slavic villages along the rivers.
Who was Muhammad?
The Arab Porphet who Founded Islam (570-632)
1453
The Byzantine Empire finally came to an end in this year when a new wave of Muslims sacked Constantinople and killed the last emperor.
Battle of Manzikert
The Byzantine army fell to the Seljuk Turks in 1071 here. Since that day, Asia Minor has remained under the control of the Turks.
"New Rome"
The capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire, known as Constantinople
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire, after the collapse of the Western part
What happen in 1453
The Ottoman Turks sacked Constantinople and nople and killed the last Byzantine emperor
Crusades
The West sent several military expeditions to free the East, especially the Holy Land, from Muslim invaders.
Calligraphy
The art of visually beautiful writing.
Battle of Manzikert
The battle where the Sejuk Turks conquered The Byzanitne army, and since that a day Byzntine is ruled under Turkish.
What is the Hagia Sophia?
The finest example of Byzantine architecture- A church whose name means "Holy Wisdom"
Abu Bakr
The first caliph. Father of one of Muhammad's wives and early convert of Muhammad.
caliphs
The military and political leaders of the Muslim community
Hegira
The move of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina. Celebrated as year 1 in the Muslim calender. Means "Flight."
Byzantine Empire
The remnant of the Roman Empire in the East. Survived 1000 years after Rome fell in the west. Capital = Constantinople. A blending of the cultural heritage of ancient Greece and the cultures of the Near East. Strongly influenced the people of Russia and southeastern Europe. Fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks.
Koran
The sacred book and primary authority of the Muslims. Means "recitation." Chapters are called suras.
Selijuk Turks
The sejuk turks went on the crusades had a sultan and created a muslim dynasty
minaret
The tower attached to the mosque from which the mueszzine o arier, calls the faithful to prayer.
862
The traditional date for the beginning of Russian history.
Theodora
The wife of Justinian who had a strong character and gave timely counsel. Theodora was formerly from a questionable lifestyle, but after marrying Justinian she became an important co-ruler and adviser to him.
Cyril and Methodius
These Byzantine brothers were Orthodox missionaries to the Slavic peoples of Russia and southeastern Europe. They developed a written language for the Slavic tribes.
Bedouins
These nomads roamed the desert in search of pastureland and water for their herds of goats, sheep, and camels.
Seljuk Turks
They were nomadic tribes from central asia. Made a powerful force in the east.
Rurik
This Varagian warrior gained control of Novgorod about 862 whether by invitation or by force. He established the first ruling dynasty of of Russia.
Greek Fire
This weapon, which the Byzantines acquired in the seventh century, was an explosive mixture of naptha oil, sulfur, and saltpeter. It could not be put out with water.
What was Justinian's Chief objective?
To Restore the Greatness of Rome
Battle of Tours
Umayyads pressed on into southern France until they were stopped by the Franks here in 732.
Abbasids
Under these, Arab supremacy within the Muslim empire gradually declined. They appointed many non Arabs to high government positions. Marks the peak of the Muslim empire.
What are Bedouins
Wandering/ Nomradic Arab Tribes
Eastern Orthodox Church
Was East
Roman Catholic Church
Was West
The Roman Catholic Church was from the West or East?
West
What are some issues that the East and West differed over? (pg 112)
When parish priest should marry or whether the church should use icons
