BLS CPR
How do you perform chest compressions when providing high-quality CPR to a child victim?
By compressing the chest at least one third one third the depth of the chest, about 2 inches (5 cm)
A rescuer arrives at the side of an adult victim and suspects an opioid-associated life-threatening emergency. The victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally but has a pulse. Which action should the rescuer take next?
Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds [ For suspected opioid-associated life-threatening emergency in a victim who is unresponsive and not breathing normally but does have a pulse, the rescuer should give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds in an adult, and every 3 to 5 seconds in a child or infant. Then, if local protocol allows, the rescuer may give naloxone. But the rescuer should not delay breaths to give naloxone. ]
When providing rescue breaths to an adult victim who has a pulse but is not breathing, what is the correct rate?
Give 1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds, or about 10 to 12 breaths per minute
An 8 month old infant is eating and suddenly begins to cough. The infant is unable to make any noise shortly after. You pick up the infant and shout for help. You have determined that the infant is responsive and choking with a severe airway obstruction. How do you relieve the airway obstruction?
Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts
In 2-rescuer BLS for a child with unwitnessed cardiac arrest, when does activation of the emergency response system occur, and what is the compression-to-ventilation ratio?
Initially, while getting the AED; 15:2
2. After the AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?
Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions
A 67 year old man is found unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse. You and a second rescuer begin performing high-quality CPR. When should rescuers switch positions during CPR?
Switch rescuers about every 2 minutes [typically when the AED is analyzing the rhythm]
What team role makes treatment decisions and provides feedback?
Team Leader
What are the 2 team roles that alternate after every 5 cycles or 2 minutes to avoid fatigue?
Compressor and AED/Monitor/Defibrillator
A middle aged man collapses. You and a second rescuer go to the victim and find that he is unresponsive, is not breathing and does not have a pulse. You and another rescuer begin CPR. After a few cycles, you notice the chest compression rate is slowing. What should you say to offer constructive feedback?
"You need to compress at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute"
When an advanced airway is in place, what is the correct rate of compressions?
100 to 120/min with no pause to deliver breaths.
A 9 year old child has suddenly collapsed. After confirming that the scene is safe, a single rescuer determines that the child is in cardiac arrest, shouts for nearby help, and activates the emergency response system. He immediately begins performing high-quality CPR. Two additional rescuers arrive to assist in the resuscitation attempt. What actions should occur next, to support a team-based resuscitation attempt?
2 rescuers alternate giving high-quality chest compressions [to reduce rescuer fatigue switch the compressor role every 5 cycles (about 2 minutes) or sooner if needed. To minimize interruptions in compressions, perform the switch when the AED is analyzing the rhythm. Take less than 5 seconds to switch. ]
Which rescuer is performing chest compressions correctly on an infant when 2 rescuers are present?
2 thumb-encircling hands technique
What ratio for compressions to breaths should be used for 1-rescuer infant CPR?
30 compressions to 2 breaths 30:2
How many back slaps and chest thrusts should a rescuer deliver to an infant who is choking and is responsive?
5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts [Deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully between the infant's shoulder blades, using the heel of the hand, delivering each slap with enough force to attempt to remove the obstruction. For choking relief in an infant, the sequence of up to 5 back slaps and up to 5 chest thrusts is repeated until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive.
which victim requires high-quality CPR?
A victim who is unresponsive with no normal breathing and no pulse CORRECT ANSWER A victim who is unresponsive, has a strong pulse, and is breathing adequately A victim who is responsive, has a pulse, and is having trouble breathing A victim who is responsive, is having trouble breathing, and has a pulse less than 60/min [An AED should be used as soon as it becomes available]
When you are performing high-quality CPR on a child, what is the correct depth of compressions?
About 2 inches
If a rescuer is alone and witnessed a child collapse and the child is not breathing and does not have a pulse, what is the next step?
Activate the emergency response system and get the AED
You and your colleague respond to an adult male victim and has no pulse, what do you instruct your colleague to do? who is unresponsive. After assessing that the victim is not breathing
Activate the emergency response system and get the AED
A 9 year old child has suddenly collapsed. After confirming that the scene is safe, a single rescuer determines that the child is in cardiac arrest, shouts for nearby help, and activates the emergency response system. He immediately begins performing high-quality CPR. Two additional rescuers arrive to assist in the resuscitation attempt. Two rescuers begin high-quality CPR while the third rescuer leaves to get the AED. What action supports 2-rescuer CPR?
Alternating the compressor role every 2 minutes
What are the correct chest compression depths for adult, child, and infant CPR?
At least 2 inches (5 cm) for adult, about 2 inches (5 cm) for child, and about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) for infant CPR
For a pediatric victim, if the AED does not include smaller-sized pads designed for children younger than 8 years, what should you do?
Attach the adult pads to the victim's bare chest
You witness someone suddenly collapse. The person is unresponsive, you hear gasping sounds, and there is no pulse. What should you do next?
Begin CPR; the gasps are not normal breathing [ The gasps described in this question are most likely agonal gasps. Agonal gasps are not considered normal breathing and are a sign of cardiac arrest. High-quality CPR should be started immediately. ]
Which pulse check will be used to asses the pulse of the victim for an unresponsive adult victim?
Carotid pulse check
A 53 year old woman collapses while gardening. She is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. A neighbor, who is an emergency medical technician, rushes to her with an AED. After the AED pads are attached to the victim's bare chest, the AED detects ventricular fibrillation. What is the next step when using an AED?
Check the victim for a carotid pulse Follow the AED prompts CORRECT ANSWER Clear the patient Press the shock button
"The team functions smoothly when all team members know their positions, functions, and tasks during a resuscitation attempt." Match this statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed.
Clear roles and responsibilities CORRECT ANSWER Knowing your limitations Constructive intervention Mutual respect
While performing high-quality CPR on an adult, what action should you ensure is being accomplished?
Compressing to a depth of at least 2 inches
What are considered to be the resuscitation triangle roles in a high-performance team?
Compressor, Airway, and AED/Monitor/Defibrillator
When should the rescuer operating the AED clear the victim?
During analysis and before shock delivery.
When providing CPR on an unresponsive choking victim, what modification should you incorporate?
Each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object [each time you open the airway to give breaths, open the victims mouth wide and look for the object. If you see an object that can be easily removed, remove it with your fingers. If you don't see an object, continue CPR.
Which sign indicates that a person has a severe airway obstruction?
Inability to speak [ Signs of a sever airway obstruction include clutching the throat with the thumb and fingers to make the universal choking sign; inability to speak or cry; poor or no air exchange; weak, ineffective cough or no cough at all; high-pitched noise while inhaling or no noise at all; increased respiratory difficulty; and possible cyanosis (turning blue).
Why is defibrillation important?
It can restore a regular cardiac rhythm [An AED can identify an abnormal heart rhythm that needs a shock. The AED can then deliver a shock that can convert a rhythm back to normal. ]
Rapid defibrillation is a link in the adult chain of survival. Why is this important to survival?
It eliminates the abnormal heart rhythm
For a responsive infant who is choking, where on the infant's chest should you deliver chest thrusts?
Just below the nipple line, over the lower half of the breastbone [ while keeping the infant's head lower then the chest, the rescuer should deliver up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts in the same location as for the chest compressions: just below the nipple line over the lower half of the breastbone.]
"members of the team know their boundaries and ask for help before the resuscitation attempt worsens" Match this statement with the most appropriate element of team dynamics listed
Knowing your limitations [every member should know their limitations and the team leader should be aware of them. Each member should ask for assistance and advice early, not when the situation starts to get worse.]
How can rescuers ensure that they are providing effective breaths when using a bag-mask device?
Observing the chest rise with breaths [ squeeze the bag to give breaths (1 second each) while watching for chest rise. Deliver each breath over 1 second, with or without supplementary oxygen. ]
An 8 month old infant is eating and suddenly begins to cough. The infant is unable to make any noise shortly after. You pick up the infant and shout for help. Which action do you perform to relieve choking in an unresponsive infant?
Perform CPR, and look in the mouth for the obstructing object CORRECT ANSWER Give sets of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts Give sets of 5 abdominal thrusts and 5 back slaps Attempt a blind finger sweep when giving breaths to remove the obstructing object [ if an infant victim becomes unresponsive stop giving back slaps and begin CPR, starting with compressions. Each time you open the airway, look for the obstructing object in the back of the throat. If you see it and can be easily removed, remove it. ]
A middle aged man collapses. You and a second rescuer go to the victim and find that he is unresponsive, is not breathing and does not have a pulse. Which action is most likely to positively impact this victims survival?
Performing high-quality CPR
Your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, and you determine that he needs CPR. You begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and are about to deliver breaths by using the mouth-to-mouth technique. You open your friend's airway with a head tilt-chin lift. What action should you take next?
Pinch the nose closed and seal your lips around his mouth before delivering a breath
Your adult friend suddenly collapses at home, you determine that he needs CPR. You begin CPR, starting with chest compressions, and are about to deliver breaths by using the mouth to mouth technique. You open your friends airway with a head tilt-chin lift. What action should you take next?
Pinch the nose closed and seal your lips around his mouth before delivering a breath.
How do you check for a brachial pulse on an infant?
Place 2 or 3 fingers on the inside of the upper arm, midway between the infant's elbow and shoulder
What should you do if you need to use an AED on someone who has been submerged in water?
Pull the victim out of the water, and wipe the chest [ pull victim out of water and quickly wipe before attaching the AED pads ]
A 67 year old man is found unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse. You and a second rescuer begin performing high-quality CPR. You noticed the person giving chest compressions is not allowing for complete chest recoil. What is your next course of action?
Stand back and await direction from the team leader Take over leadership and give direction Immediately take over chest compressions Tell the compressor you noticed decreased chest recoil CORRECT ANSWER
A victim with a foreign-body airway obstruction becomes unresponsive. What is your first course of action?
Start CPR, beginning with chest compressions
Why is allowing complete chest recoil important when performing high-quality CPR?
The hear will adequately refill between compressions [Allowing complete chest recoil (between compressions) permits blood to flow into the heart. Incomplete chest recoil is inefficient because it reduces the blood flow created by chest compressions. ]
What team role keeps track of interruptions in compressions?
Timer/Recorder
The leadership roles within a high-performance team include the team leader and what other 2 roles?
Timer/Recorder and IV/IO/ Medications
When using a pocket mask, the rescuer would be positioned at the side of the victim. Is this statement true or false?
True Yes, when using the pocket mask, the rescuer should be positioned at the side of the victim.
A 53 year old woman collapses while gardening. She is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a pulse. A neighbor, who is an emergency medical technician, rushes to her with an AED. When the AED arrives, what is the first step for using it?
Turn on the AED CORRECT ANSWER Clear the patient Apply the pads to the patients chest Press the shock button
What is a consideration when you are using an AED?
on a hairy chest, the pads may not stick and may fail to deliver a shock