BME

loose control

freedom to eat whatever they choose and a single dose of insulin per day

the HbA1c test measures how much of this molecule is attached to hemoglobin

glucose

in 1976, a US city held hearing on the safety of recombinant DNA in research. This city was home to this university

harvard

dick bernstein was one of the first people to

have a home blood glucose monitor

George Walden was the engineer at the eli lilly in charge of insulin production and purification. George walden's major contribution was that

he invented isoelectric precipitation

beta carotene is a precursor to vitamin A. The CARET trial showed that heavy smokers who took a daily 30 mg beta-c supplement had

higher rates of lung cancer than control group

the ames reflective meter was one of the first

home based glucose meters

molecular dynamics simulations show that the structure of proteins

is dynamic; proteins constantly shake and blend

the fragment of preproinsulin called c-peptide:

is essential, people will die within months without it

the fragment of preproinsulin called c-peptide:

is not essential, people can live without it

in 1969, Organon applied for a patent on a pregnancy test that could be performed at home. inventor(s) on the patent were

just margaret crane

james collip needed an assay for the activity of insulin in order to develop a purification method. His assay for insulin activity was based upon

measuring the change in blood sugar levels in rabbits.

The Flexner report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada concluded that:

medical education needed to be reformed

one conclusion from the diabetes control and complications trial was that tight control

minimized long term complications

a continuous glucose monitor measures blood glucose approx once every

minute

NPH insulin is a modified form of insulin. The modification results in a longer acting activity. The modification is done by

mixing insulin with a protein called protamine

Immediately after his one year of surgical residence at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, Fred Banting

opened his own practice to see patients

arnold beckman invented and sold one of the first integrated

pH meters

During summer of 1921, fred banting performed experiments on dogs. in one group, he treid to caused the dogs to develop diabetes by removing an organ. Which organ?

pancreas

fred banting died in 1941 from

plane crash

fred banting developed his idea on how to treat diabetes while he was

preparing for a lecture for medical students

Two main functions of the pancreas

produces and secretes digestive enzymes into the stomach. it controls glucose level in blood stream through secretion of insulin

in the 1960's, margaret crane was working as a

product packaging designer

neuropathy in patients with diabetes is caused by

prolonged high blood glucose levels

a child who develops diabetes typically loses weight. In 1920, the best treatment was

restrict diet, causing more weight loss.

one of the inventors of the HbA1c test developed the test after a clinical trial involving this disease was suddenly stopped

sickle cell

best treatment for diabetes in 1915 was

starvation diet

the label of a prescription drug:

summarizes all the scientific info known about the drug

An IACUC (animal care com) weighs the scientific benefit of the application versus

the harm caused to the animals

Afrezza and exubera are two different insulin deivery systems. the most notable difference between the two is

the inhaler for exubera is much larger than the inhaler for afrezza

when recombinant DNA tech was developed in the 1970's, a group of prominent scientists proposed a national ban on it, until

the risks were better understood

james collip, at u of toronto, developed a method to isolate insulin based upon

the solubility of insulin in alcohol/water mixtures

the diabetes control and complications trial tested whether this method of treating diabetes was better than what patients had been doing:

tight control

An IACUC (animal care com) must have at least five members. one member must be a non-scientist

true

an insulin molecule in circulating in your bloodstream consists of

two chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds

this technique revealed the structure of complex molecules

x-ray crystallography.

today, most insulin produced in factories by

yeast or bacteria

u of toronto licensed a patent on the production of insulin to eli lilly. The agreement allowed ELi Lilly to manufacture and sell insulin. In return, eli lilly would give the university of toronto

5% of eli lilly's net sales from the insulin.

Congress passed the animal welfare act of 1966 after an uproar caused publication of an article about dog dealers in which magazine?

Life

in 1921, the best way to measure glucose in blood was based on

a final color of a mixture of blood and some reagents.

glucose oxidase was isolated from

a fungus

the HbA1c test is named after

a line of hemoglobin observed on a gel

if a patient with diabetes was seeing Dr. Elliot Joslin during the 1950's, which is more likely to characterize the patient's treatment plan

a strict diet and multiple injections of insulin a day

the self orienting millimenter scale applicator (SOMA) is a device that might allow oral delivery of insulin, or an insulin pill. the shape of the SOMA is based on the shape of

a turtle

Axel Ullrich was the first person to insert human insulin gene into a bacteria, or clone the insulin gene. He obtained the human insulin gene that he cloned from

a woman's insulinoma tumor that was surgically removed

a protein is a chain of

amino acids

diabetes (type 1) is caused by

an autoimmune reaction

a closed loop system for insulin delivery contains

an insulin pump and a continuous blood glucose meter

an insulin pen differs from an insulin pump because

an insulin pump is attached to your body by tubing. insulin pen is not

a complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to

blindness

engineered e.coli bacteria containing recombinant DNA is not dangerous to human because

can't survive outside well controlled lab environments

in 1920 the company eli lilly was known for manufacturing

capsules for drugs

afrezza and exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. These two systems both

deliver insulin through the lungs

which of the following is not a frequent complication from diabetes before the diabetes control and complications trial

dementia

X-ray crystallography can be use to

determind the 3D structure of a protein

george minot diagnosed with _____ when 35

diabetes

When Banting and Best performed their experiments on dogs, they need approval from a committee before they could begin animal work

false

around 1920, the amount of glucose in blood could be measured by an electronic meter

false

charles evan hughes, the US secretary of state in 1920, was diagosed with diabetes in 1920

false

currently, if a scientist wants to experiment on mammals, the experiment must be approved by a com that is composed entirely of other scientists

false

hypoglycemia can be alleviated by injecting insulin

false

insulin from humans and cows are exactly alike

false

prof Dorothy Hodgkin was awarded the nobel prize in 1964 for deciphering the structure of insulin using the technique of x-ray crystallography

false

the drug propanolol has been approved by the FDA for use in treating anxiety

false

when insulin is injected under the skin it has an immediate effect, lowering blood sugar within seconds

false

Fred banting grew up on a

farm