BME
loose control
freedom to eat whatever they choose and a single dose of insulin per day
the HbA1c test measures how much of this molecule is attached to hemoglobin
glucose
in 1976, a US city held hearing on the safety of recombinant DNA in research. This city was home to this university
harvard
dick bernstein was one of the first people to
have a home blood glucose monitor
George Walden was the engineer at the eli lilly in charge of insulin production and purification. George walden's major contribution was that
he invented isoelectric precipitation
beta carotene is a precursor to vitamin A. The CARET trial showed that heavy smokers who took a daily 30 mg beta-c supplement had
higher rates of lung cancer than control group
the ames reflective meter was one of the first
home based glucose meters
molecular dynamics simulations show that the structure of proteins
is dynamic; proteins constantly shake and blend
the fragment of preproinsulin called c-peptide:
is essential, people will die within months without it
the fragment of preproinsulin called c-peptide:
is not essential, people can live without it
in 1969, Organon applied for a patent on a pregnancy test that could be performed at home. inventor(s) on the patent were
just margaret crane
james collip needed an assay for the activity of insulin in order to develop a purification method. His assay for insulin activity was based upon
measuring the change in blood sugar levels in rabbits.
The Flexner report on Medical Education in the United States and Canada concluded that:
medical education needed to be reformed
one conclusion from the diabetes control and complications trial was that tight control
minimized long term complications
a continuous glucose monitor measures blood glucose approx once every
minute
NPH insulin is a modified form of insulin. The modification results in a longer acting activity. The modification is done by
mixing insulin with a protein called protamine
Immediately after his one year of surgical residence at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children, Fred Banting
opened his own practice to see patients
arnold beckman invented and sold one of the first integrated
pH meters
During summer of 1921, fred banting performed experiments on dogs. in one group, he treid to caused the dogs to develop diabetes by removing an organ. Which organ?
pancreas
fred banting died in 1941 from
plane crash
fred banting developed his idea on how to treat diabetes while he was
preparing for a lecture for medical students
Two main functions of the pancreas
produces and secretes digestive enzymes into the stomach. it controls glucose level in blood stream through secretion of insulin
in the 1960's, margaret crane was working as a
product packaging designer
neuropathy in patients with diabetes is caused by
prolonged high blood glucose levels
a child who develops diabetes typically loses weight. In 1920, the best treatment was
restrict diet, causing more weight loss.
one of the inventors of the HbA1c test developed the test after a clinical trial involving this disease was suddenly stopped
sickle cell
best treatment for diabetes in 1915 was
starvation diet
the label of a prescription drug:
summarizes all the scientific info known about the drug
An IACUC (animal care com) weighs the scientific benefit of the application versus
the harm caused to the animals
Afrezza and exubera are two different insulin deivery systems. the most notable difference between the two is
the inhaler for exubera is much larger than the inhaler for afrezza
when recombinant DNA tech was developed in the 1970's, a group of prominent scientists proposed a national ban on it, until
the risks were better understood
james collip, at u of toronto, developed a method to isolate insulin based upon
the solubility of insulin in alcohol/water mixtures
the diabetes control and complications trial tested whether this method of treating diabetes was better than what patients had been doing:
tight control
An IACUC (animal care com) must have at least five members. one member must be a non-scientist
true
an insulin molecule in circulating in your bloodstream consists of
two chains of amino acids linked together by disulfide bonds
this technique revealed the structure of complex molecules
x-ray crystallography.
today, most insulin produced in factories by
yeast or bacteria
u of toronto licensed a patent on the production of insulin to eli lilly. The agreement allowed ELi Lilly to manufacture and sell insulin. In return, eli lilly would give the university of toronto
5% of eli lilly's net sales from the insulin.
Congress passed the animal welfare act of 1966 after an uproar caused publication of an article about dog dealers in which magazine?
Life
in 1921, the best way to measure glucose in blood was based on
a final color of a mixture of blood and some reagents.
glucose oxidase was isolated from
a fungus
the HbA1c test is named after
a line of hemoglobin observed on a gel
if a patient with diabetes was seeing Dr. Elliot Joslin during the 1950's, which is more likely to characterize the patient's treatment plan
a strict diet and multiple injections of insulin a day
the self orienting millimenter scale applicator (SOMA) is a device that might allow oral delivery of insulin, or an insulin pill. the shape of the SOMA is based on the shape of
a turtle
Axel Ullrich was the first person to insert human insulin gene into a bacteria, or clone the insulin gene. He obtained the human insulin gene that he cloned from
a woman's insulinoma tumor that was surgically removed
a protein is a chain of
amino acids
diabetes (type 1) is caused by
an autoimmune reaction
a closed loop system for insulin delivery contains
an insulin pump and a continuous blood glucose meter
an insulin pen differs from an insulin pump because
an insulin pump is attached to your body by tubing. insulin pen is not
a complete lack of vitamin A in a person's diet can lead to
blindness
engineered e.coli bacteria containing recombinant DNA is not dangerous to human because
can't survive outside well controlled lab environments
in 1920 the company eli lilly was known for manufacturing
capsules for drugs
afrezza and exubera are two different insulin delivery systems. These two systems both
deliver insulin through the lungs
which of the following is not a frequent complication from diabetes before the diabetes control and complications trial
dementia
X-ray crystallography can be use to
determind the 3D structure of a protein
george minot diagnosed with _____ when 35
diabetes
When Banting and Best performed their experiments on dogs, they need approval from a committee before they could begin animal work
false
around 1920, the amount of glucose in blood could be measured by an electronic meter
false
charles evan hughes, the US secretary of state in 1920, was diagosed with diabetes in 1920
false
currently, if a scientist wants to experiment on mammals, the experiment must be approved by a com that is composed entirely of other scientists
false
hypoglycemia can be alleviated by injecting insulin
false
insulin from humans and cows are exactly alike
false
prof Dorothy Hodgkin was awarded the nobel prize in 1964 for deciphering the structure of insulin using the technique of x-ray crystallography
false
the drug propanolol has been approved by the FDA for use in treating anxiety
false
when insulin is injected under the skin it has an immediate effect, lowering blood sugar within seconds
false
Fred banting grew up on a
farm