BMS 146 - Chapter 16

Disaccharidases

"Digests disaccharides

Identify the secretions of the small intestine. Select all that apply.

"Disaccharidases - Cholecystokinin -- Secretin - Peptidases - Mucus"

Select the types of teeth found in the normal adult mouth. (Select all that apply.)

"Molars

Place the parts of the colon in order from proximal to most distal

1. Ascending colon. 2. Transverse colon. 3. Descending colon. 4. Sigmoid colon

Identify the ducts that bile passes through, beginning with the liver and ending with the small intestine

1. Bile canaliculus 2. Hepatic Duct 3. Common hepatic duct. 4. Common bile duct. 5. Duodenum

Identify the ducts that bile passes through, beginning with the liver and ending with the small intestine.

1. Bile canaliculus 2. Hepatic Duct 3. Common hepatic duct. 4. Common bile duct. 5. Duodenum

Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels.

1. Duodeundum. 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Place the events of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation in order, beginning from initiation of the cephalic phase.

1. Food is tasted, smelled or thought about. 2. The medulla oblongata is stimulatefd. 3. Parasympathetic impulses are carried by the vagus nerve to the neurons of the enteric plexus. 4. Postganglionic neurons stimulate secretion of gastrin and histamine. 5. Gastric secretions are released.

Identify the structures in order through which blood will pass as it passes through and out of the liver

1. Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. 2. Hepatic sinusoid. 3. Central Vein. 4. Hepatic vein. 5. Inferior vena cava

Identify the structures in order through which blood will pass as it passes through and out of the live

1. Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. 2. Hepatic sinusoid. 3. Central vein. 4. Hepatic vein. 5. Inferior vena cava

Place the following structures in the order that food will pass through, beginning with the site of ingestion.

1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine

List the tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outsid

1. Mucosa. 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa

Place the phases of deglutition in order from beginning to en

1. Voluntary phase. 2. Pharyngeal phase. 3. Esophageal phase

Place the following events of deglutition in order, beginning with the voluntary phase of swallowing.

1. the tongue elevates the bolus toward the oropharynx. 2. The soft palate closes off the nasopharynx. 3. Successive contraction of the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors moves bolus through pharynx. 4. Contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor relaxes the upper esophageal sphincter and allows the bolus to enter the esophagus. 5. Peristaltic contractions of the esophagus move the bolus through the esophagus. 6. The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

The amount of time that It typically takes material to pass through the large intestine is ______ hours.

18-24

How many sphincters are associated with the esophagus?

2

Typically, there are ______ deciduous teeth and ______ permanent teeth.

20; 32

The liver consists of ______ major lobe(s) and ______ minor lobe(s).

2; 2

Material takes ______ hours to pass through the small intestine, and ______ hours to pass through the large intestine.

3-5; 18-24

The basic functions of the digestive system include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Absorption - Ingestion - Digestion

Intestinal phase.

Acidic chyme in the duodenum stimulates secretion of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions.

Pepsinogen

Active form aids in breaking proteins into smaller peptide chains

Identify the functions of the tongue. Select all that apply.

Aids in speech production - Holds food in place during mastication - Detects taste sensations - Aids in swallowing - Moves food within the mouth

Identify the functions of the palate. (Select all that apply.)

Aids in swallowing - Prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity

Intrinsic factor

Aids in the absorption of Vitamin B12

Which of the following is a salivary gland secretion?

Amylase

Identify the small structure attached to the cecum.

Appendix

Mesentery proper

Associated with the small intestine

Intrinsic factor binds with vitamin ______ and makes it more readily absorbed by the small intestine

B12

Identify the substances within saliva. Select all that apply.

Bicarbonate ion - Mucin - Water - Amylase - Lysozymes

Identify the components of pancreatic juice. Select all that apply.

Bicarbonate ions - Enzymes to digest carbohydrates - Enzymes to digest lipids - Enzymes to digest proteins - Enzymes to digest nucleic acids

Components of bile include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Bilirubin - Bile salts - Cholesterol

Lymphatic nodules within the digestive tract that initiate immune responses against ingested microorganisms are called ______ ______

Blank 1: Peyer or Peyer's - Blank 2: patches

"

Blank 1: accessory or associated

The salivary glands, liver, and pancreas are ______ organs of the digestive system.

Blank 1: accessory or associated

The process of chewing is called

Blank 1: mastication

An inflammation of the parotid gland caused by a viral infection is called ____.

Blank 1: mumps

The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _____peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the ____peritoneum.

Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal

The _____ phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.

Blank 1: voluntary

The ______phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.

Blank 1: voluntary

The pharyngeal Blank 1 Blank 1 pharyngeal , Incorrect Unavailable phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.

Blank 1: voluntary

Identify the major proteolytic enzymes produced by the pancreas. (Select all that apply.)

Carboxypeptidase - Chymotrypsin - Trypsin

Identify the region of the large intestine located at the proximal end, where the large intestine meets the small intestine.

Cecum

Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)

Conversion of ammonia into urea - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Production of bile - Synthesis of new molecules

Identify the three basic parts of a tooth.

Crown - Root - Neck

Identify the ducts that join to directly form the common bile duct. Select all that apply.

Cystic duct - Common hepatic duct

Which of the following is NOT a type of tooth found in the normal adult mouth?

Dentin

Hydrochloric acid

Destroys ingested bacteria and activates pepsin

Identify the functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. (Select all that apply.)

Destroys ingested bacterial - Activates pepsin

Peptidases

Digests proteins

Identify the secretions of the small intestine. Select all that apply.

Disaccharidases - Cholecystokinin - Secretin - Peptidases - Mucus

Gastric phase.

Distension of the stomach stimulates gastric secretions.

Most of the absorption in the small intestine occurs in which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Duodenum - Jejunum

Identify the components of pancreatic juice. Select all that apply.

Enzymes to digest carbohydrates - Enzymes to digest lipids - Enzymes to digest proteins - Enzymes to digest nucleic acids - Bicarbonate ions

During this phase of swallowing, peristaltic waves move a bolus of food toward the stomach.

Esophageal

This phase of swallowing is responsible for moving food from the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophageal

Identify the structures that are involved in deglutition. (Select all that apply.)

Esophagus - Laryngopharynx - Tongue - Oropharynx

Identify the structure that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Frenulum

Identify the hormone that promotes gastric secretions.

Gastrin

Enamel

Hard, nonliving material covering the crown

Identify the structures that form the hepatic portal triad. (Select all that apply.)

Hepatic artery - Hepatic duct - Hepatic portal vein

Identify the vessels that empty into the hepatic sinusoids. (Select all that apply.)

Hepatic artery - Hepatic portal vein

Select the blood vessels that carry blood in to the liver. (Select all that apply.)

Hepatic artery - Hepatic portal vein

Identify the vessels that empty into the hepatic sinusoids. (Select all that apply.)

Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic artery

Select the blood vessels that carry blood in to the liver. (Select all that apply.)

Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic artery

Parietal cells of the stomach secrete which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Hydrochloric acid - Intrinsic factor

Identify the one-way valve between the small intestine and the large intestine.

Ileocecal

Secretin

Inhibits gastric secretions

During this phase of stomach secretion, feedback on the stomach begins to inhibit gastric secretions and, therefore, reduce the acidity of chyme.

Intestinal

Identify the phase of gastric regulation that inhibits gastric activity.

Intestinal phase

______ binds with vitamin B12 and makes it more readily absorbed by the small intestine.

Intrinsic factor

Submucosa

It consists of a thick layer of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and glands.

Serosa

It consists of a thin layer of connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium.

Mucosa

It consists of an epithelial lining, a layer of connective tissue referred to as lamina propria, and a thin layer of muscle.

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?

Lipase

Greater omentum

Membrane extending from the stomach to the transverse colon

Lesser omentum

Membrane that connects the stomach to the liver and the diaphragm

______ waves are relatively weak, whereas ______ waves are stronger.

Mixing; peristaltic

Identify the functions of saliva. Select all that apply.

Moistens food and the oral cavity - Neutralizes bacterial acids - Digests starch

Absorption

Movement of molecules from the digestive tract into the circulation or lymphatic system

______ is a proteoglycan that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of salivary glands.

Mucin

Which of the following structures has no role in the swallowing process?

Nasopharynx

Identify the muscle that forms most of the lips.

Orbicularis oris

Identify the structure of the digestive system that aids in swallowing and prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity.

Palate

Identify the organ of the digestive system that is composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue located posterior to the stomach.

Pancreas

Identify the organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane. Select all that apply.

Pancreas - Duodenum - Kidneys

Identify the three large, paired salivary glands.

Parotid - Sublingual - Submandibular

Identify the types of enzymes secreted by the small intestine. Select all that apply.

Peptidases - Disaccharidases

This phase of swallowing begins with the elevation of the soft palate.

Pharyngeal

This phase of swallowing is initiated when a bolus of food stimulates tactile receptors in the oropharynx.

Pharyngeal

Omental bursa

Pocket created by greater omentum

Identify the functions of the palate. (Select all that apply.)

Prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity - Aids in swallowing

Elimination

Process by which waste products are removed from the body

Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)

Production of bile - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Synthesis of new molecules - Conversion of ammonia into urea

Mucus

Protects lining of the stomach

Mucus

Protects the duodenum from stomach acids and digestive enzymes

Root canal

Pulp cavity within the root

Bicarbonate ion

Raises the pH of the small intestine

What is the straight, muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal?

Rectum

Select the mechanisms by which saliva helps prevent bacterial infection in the mouth. (Select all that apply.)

Rinsing action - Containing lysozyme - Buffering bacterial acids

Identify the types of movements that occur within the small intestine. (Select all that apply.)

Segmental contractions - Peristaltic contractions

Cephalic phase.

Sight, smell, taste, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions.

Gastrin

Stimulates gastric secretions

Identify the organ of the digestive system that primarily functions as a storage and mixing chamber.

Stomach

Which organ is located totally within the peritoneum?

Stomach

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Storage and mixing chamber

Which of the following substances is not found in saliva?

Sucrase

Identify the process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus.

Swallowing

Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)

Synthesis of new molecules - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Conversion of ammonia into urea - Production of bile

True or false: Mastication enhances the effects of chemical digestion.

TRUE

Ingestion

The intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach

Muscularis

Throughout most of the digestive tract, this tunic consists of two layers of smooth muscle, which are an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.

Identify the major proteolytic enzymes produced by the pancreas. (Select all that apply.)

Trypsin - Chymotrypsin - Carboxypeptidase

Identify the factors that specifically target the liver to produce bile. (Select all that apply.)

Vagus nerve - Secretin

Identify the features of the small intestine that function to increase surface area and thus enhance digestion and absorption. Select all that apply.

Villi - Microvilli - Circular folds

The digestive enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth is called salivary ______.

amylase

The last section of the large intestine is the ______.

anal canal

The cecum is the ______ of the large intestine.

beginning

Gastric secretions are regulated by ______.

both nervous and hormonal mechanisms

Choose the muscle that forms the majority of the lateral walls of the cheeks.

buccinator

The muscle that forms the majority of the cheeks is the ______.

buccinator

The large intestine consists of the ______, ______, ______, and the anal canal.

cecum; colon; rectum

The taste, smell, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions by activating the ______ phase of gastric regulation.

cephalic

Secretion of exocrine pancreatic juices is stimulated by the vagus nerve as well as the hormones ______.

cholecystokinin and secretin

What is the semifluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions called?

chyme

Teniae coli are bands of longitudinal muscle of the ______.

colon

The submucosa consists of ______ tissue.

connective

premolars; molars

crush and grind food

canines; incisors

cut and tear food

gingiva

dense fibrous connective tissue and stratified squamous tissue covering the alveolar processes

Choose the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)

detoxification of harmful substances - conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates - production of blood proteins, including clotting factors - nutrient storage

Choose the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)

detoxification of harmful substances - nutrient storage - production of blood proteins, including clotting factors - conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates

The liver rests against the inferior surface of the ______.

diaphragm

What is the acellular substance that covers the dentin of the tooth crown called?

enamel

The cells of the duodenum mucosa that produce regulatory hormones are the ______ cells.

endocrine

The pancreatic islets are the ______ part of the pancreas, and the acini are the ______ part of the pancreas.

endocrine; exocrine

What phase is initiated by the presence of food in the stomach?

gastric

What are the openings for the gastric glands called?

gastric pits

Liver hepatocytes can help control blood sugar by storing ______.

glycogen

The cells of the duodenum mucosa that produce protective mucus are ______ cells.

goblet

enamel

hard, nonliving material covering the crown

The pancreatic islets of the pancreas produce ______, and the acini of the pancreas produce ______.

hormones; digestive enzymes

Salivary secretions ______ in response to parasympathetic stimulation.

increase

Mastication is important because it ______.

increases surface area of food particles for increased efficiency of digestive enzymes

Saliva contains ______, an antibacterial enzyme.

lysozyme

What is the process of chewing called?

mastication

The esophagus is in the ______.

mediastinum

The ______ integrates reflexes involved in control of gastric secretion.

medulla oblongata

The oral cavity is more commonly called the ______.

mouth

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce ______, and chief cells of the stomach produce ______.

mucus; pepsinogen

How many canines are in one quadrant of the adult mouth?

one

The digestive tract begins with the ______.

oral cavity

The first part of the digestive tract, bounded by the lips and cheeks, is the ______.

oral cavity

Pancreatic exocrine secretions are released into the ______.

pancreatic duct

Secretion from the salivary glands is regulated primarily by the ______ nervous system.

parasympathetic

crown

part of tooth exposed in the oral cavity

The teeth are secured in the alveoli by ______ ligaments.

periodontal

What are lymphatic nodules within the digestive tract that initiate immune responses against ingested microorganisms called?

peyer patches

In the mouth, starch is broken down by ______.

salivary amylase

The secretion from the small intestine that stimulates the liver to produce bile is ______.

secretin

What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract called?

serosa

The external anal sphincter consists of ______ muscle.

skeletal

Disaccharidases and peptidases are enzymes secreted by the ______.

small intestine

In which organ carries out most absorption of nutrients?

small intestine

Mucus, peptidases, and disaccharidases are secretions of the ______.

small intestine

What is the type of muscles that forms the majority of the muscularis of the digestive tract?

smooth

The uvula is part of the ______.

soft palate

During deglutition, the ______ closes off the nasopharynx and the ______ closes off the larynx.

soft palate, epiglottis

pulp

soft tissue consisting of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics in the center of the tooth

The esophagus carries food directly to the ______.

stomach

periodontal ligaments

structures that secure the teeth in the alveoli

The layer of the digestive tract that is a thick layer of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and glands is the ______.

submucosa

The bands of longitudinal muscle of the colon that form the haustra when they contract are called ______.

teniae coli

What is the phase of swallowing that involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx?

voluntary

The last section of the digestive tract that extends from the inferior end of the rectum and ends at the anus is the ______ _______ .

Blank 1: anal - Blank 2: canal

The small tube attached to the cecum is the

Blank 1: appendix

The four parts of the colon from proximal to distal are the , , , and the sigmoid colon.

Blank 1: ascending - Blank 2: transverse - Blank 3: descending

Fats are emulsified or changed from large lipid droplets into smaller droplets by ______ salts.

Blank 1: bile

The lower esophageal sphincter is also called the sphincter.

Blank 1: cardiac

The three phases of the regulation of stomach secretion in order of occurrence are the , ________ ,______ and intestinal phases

Blank 1: cephalic - Blank 2: gastric

The buccinator muscle, a buccal fat pad, an interior lining of moist stratified squamous epithelium, and an external covering of skin comprise the _______

Blank 1: cheeks or cheek

The cells of the stomach that produce pepsinogen are _____ cells.

Blank 1: chief

The semifluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called

Blank 1: chyme

The three basic parts of a tooth are the ____, with one or more cusps, the neck, and the _____

Blank 1: crown - Blank 2: root

The process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus is called swallowing or ____

Blank 1: deglutition

The two major divisions of the digestive system include the ____tract and the accessory organs.

Blank 1: digestive, alimentary, GI, or gastrointestinal

The small intestine secretes disaccharidases that digest ______as well as peptidases that digest ______

Blank 1: disaccharides, sucrose, lactose, or maltose - Blank 2: proteins or polypeptides

The hepatic portal triad consists of three vessels. They are the hepatic portal vein, the hepatic ______, and the hepatic _____.

Blank 1: duct - Blank 2: artery

The three sections of the small intestine, listed in order as food passes through, are the _____,the_____ and the _______.

Blank 1: duodenun - Blank 2: jejunum - Blank 3: ileum

The acellular substance that protects the tooth against abrasion and acids produced by bacteria is ______.

Blank 1: enamel

The plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract consisting of sensory and motor neurons connecting the digestive tract and the central nervous system comprise the ______ nervous system.

Blank 1: enteric

nervous system, which can function independently of the central nervous system"

Blank 1: enteric

Bile salts emulsify _____

Blank 1: fats, lipids, triglycerides, or fat

The structure that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth is the _____ .

Blank 1: frenulum

The most superior part of the stomach is the _____.

Blank 1: fundus

Gastric pits are the openings for the _____ glands.

Blank 1: gastric

The presence of food in the stomach initiates the _____phase of stomach secretion.

Blank 1: gastric

The presence of food in the stomach initiates the ____phase of stomach secretion.

Blank 1: gastric

Hepatocytes can remove sugar from the blood and store it as ______

Blank 1: glycogen

The palate consists of two parts. The anterior portion is called the ____palate, and the posterior portion is called the _____ palate.

Blank 1: hard or bony - Blank 2: soft

Enlarged rectal veins that may cause bleeding around the anus are called ______ .

Blank 1: hemorrhoids

The vein that carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver is the _______ ______ vein.

Blank 1: hepatic - Blank 2: portal

Parietal cells produce _______ acid and intrinsic factor.

Blank 1: hydrochloric or HCl

The valve that allows intestinal contents to move from the ileum to the large intestine but not in the opposite direction is called the _______ valve.

Blank 1: ileocecal

Of different teeth, the _____cut and tear food, whereas the ______ primarily crush and grind it.

Blank 1: incisors or canines - Blank 2: premolars or molars

During the ______ phase of stomach secretion, feedback on the stomach begins to inhibit gastric secretions and, therefore, reduce the acidity of chyme.

Blank 1: intestinal or gastrointestinal

The major sites of absorption in the small intestine are the _____and the duodenum.

Blank 1: jejunum

The ____ are formed mostly by the orbicularis oris and connective tissue covered by skin.

Blank 1: lips

The ______ are formed mostly by the orbicularis oris and connective tissue covered by skin.

Blank 1: lips

Blood proteins such as albumins and globulins are synthesized in the

Blank 1: liver

Blood proteins such as heparin and clotting factors are synthesized in the

Blank 1: liver

The process of chewing is called ________

Blank 1: mastication

Stomach movements that combine ingested materials and stomach secretions to form chyme are ____waves, and stomach movements that force chyme toward the pyloric sphincter are ____ waves.

Blank 1: mixing - Blank 2: peristaltic

The proteoglycan component of mucus that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of the submandibular and sublingual gland is _____

Blank 1: mucin

The four tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outside are the tunica , tunica , tunica , and tunica adventitia.

Blank 1: mucosa - Blank 2: submucosa - Blank 3: muscularis

The muscle that forms the majority of the lips is the ____ ____

Blank 1: orbicularis - Blank 2: oris

Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are major proteolytic enzymes secreted by the ______ .

Blank 1: pancreas

Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are major proteolytic enzymes secreted by the ______.

Blank 1: pancreas

The organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue, located posterior to the stomach, is the

Blank 1: pancreas

The organ that is retroperitoneal with a tail that extends to the spleen is the

Blank 1: pancreas

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are produced by the _______cells of the stomach.

Blank 1: parietal

The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the

Blank 1: parietal - Blank 2: peritoneum

The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the ____ _____

Blank 1: parietal - Blank 2: peritoneum

The three large, paired salivary glands are the _____, _________ and submandibular.

Blank 1: parotid - Blank 2: sublingual

The chief cells of the stomach produce _____.

Blank 1: pepsinogen

The hepatic lobule has a _______ triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.

Blank 1: portal

The hepatic lobule has a ______triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.

Blank 1: portal

The structure indicated by the letter A in the figure is the anusBlank 1Blank 1 anus , Incorrect Unavailable, a straight, muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal.

Blank 1: rectum

Organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane are referred to as ______.

Blank 1: retroperitoneal

The names of the two minor lobes of the liver are the and lobes.

Blank 1: right - Blank 2: left

The folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching are called

Blank 1: rugae

Permanent or _____ teeth replace baby or ____teeth.

Blank 1: secondary - Blank 2: primary, deciduous, or milk

The outermost layer of the digestive tract is either a _____, consisting of peritoneum, or _____, a connective tissue layer.

Blank 1: serosa - Blank 2: adventitia

The greatest amount of digestion and absorption occurs in the ______ ______

Blank 1: small - Blank 2: intestine

The majority of the muscularis consists of ____ muscle.

Blank 1: smooth

The layer of the digestive tract that consists of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, small glands, and a network of nerve cells is the

Blank 1: submucosa

Periodontal ligaments secure ______ in the alveoli of the mandible and maxilla.

Blank 1: teeth

The ______ molars are also called the wisdom teeth.

Blank 1: third or 3rd

The large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper is the

Blank 1: tongue

The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication, aids in swallowing, detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the _____ .

Blank 1: tongue

The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication, aids in swallowing, detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the ______

Blank 1: tongue

The posterior projection of the soft palate is the _____.

Blank 1: uvula

The structural features of the small intestine that serve to increase surface area to allow for greater digestion and absorption include the circular folds, the ______ and the microvilli.

Blank 1: villi or villus

The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _____ peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the _____peritoneum.

Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal

The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _______ peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the _____ peritoneum.

Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal

The three phases of deglutition in order from beginning to end are the , , and the esophageal.

Blank 1: voluntary or buccal - Blank 2: pharyngeal

The third molars are also called the ____ teeth.

Blank 1: wisdom

Digestion

Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts

Select the mechanisms by which saliva helps prevent bacterial infection in the mouth. (Select all that apply.)

Buffering bacterial acids - Rinsing action - Containing lysozyme

Dentin

Calcified living material surrounding the pulp cavity

Identify the three phases that regulate secretion by the stomach.

Cephalic phase - Gastric phase - Intestinal phase

Nucleases

Chemical digestion of DNA and RNA

Lipase

Chemical digestion of fats

Amylase

Chemical digestion of polysaccharides

Proteolytic enzymes

Chemical digestion of proteins

Identify the hormones that decrease gastric secretions and gastric motility. Select all that apply.

Cholecystokinin - Secretin

Identify the folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching of the stomach.

Rugae

Identify the organs of the digestive system that are considered accessory organs. (Select all that apply.)

Salivary glands - Pancreas - Liver

Identify the factors that stimulate production of pancreatic juices. (Select all that apply.)

Secretin - Cholecystokinin - Vagus nerve

Identify the factors that specifically target the liver to produce bile. (Select all that apply.)

Secretin - Vagus nerve

Identify the features of the small intestine that function to increase surface area and thus enhance digestion and absorption. Select all that apply.

Villi - Circular folds - Microvilli

The tube between the rectum and the anus is the ______.

anal canal

The palate consists of two parts. The bony hard palate is _____, and the nonbony soft palate is _____.

anterior, posterior

dentin

calcified living material surrounding the pulp cavity

The gastrointestinal tract and associated organs make up the ______ system.

digestive

The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the ______ to the ______.

digestive tract; liver

Secretions from the acini cells in the pancreas travel to the ______ through the ______.

duodenum; pancreatic duct

The laryngopharynx carries food directly to the ______.

esophagus

Which parts of the pharynx function in digestion? Select all that apply.

laryngopharynx - oropharynx

The ______ omentum connects the stomach to the liver, whereas the ______ omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon.

lesser; greater

The movements of the small intestine include segmental contractions that ______ intestinal contents and peristaltic contractions that ______ intestinal contents.

mix; propel

The viral disease that causes an inflammation of the parotid glands is ______.

mumps

The tongue is the large organ of the oral cavity consisting mostly of ______.

muscle

The pancreas is ______.

retroperitoneal

What is the term used to describe organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane?

retroperitoneal

The liver is located in the ______ abdominal quadrant.

right upper