BMS 146 - Chapter 16
Disaccharidases
"Digests disaccharides
Identify the secretions of the small intestine. Select all that apply.
"Disaccharidases - Cholecystokinin -- Secretin - Peptidases - Mucus"
Select the types of teeth found in the normal adult mouth. (Select all that apply.)
"Molars
Place the parts of the colon in order from proximal to most distal
1. Ascending colon. 2. Transverse colon. 3. Descending colon. 4. Sigmoid colon
Identify the ducts that bile passes through, beginning with the liver and ending with the small intestine
1. Bile canaliculus 2. Hepatic Duct 3. Common hepatic duct. 4. Common bile duct. 5. Duodenum
Identify the ducts that bile passes through, beginning with the liver and ending with the small intestine.
1. Bile canaliculus 2. Hepatic Duct 3. Common hepatic duct. 4. Common bile duct. 5. Duodenum
Place the segments of the small intestine in the order of which food travels.
1. Duodeundum. 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
Place the events of the cephalic phase of gastric regulation in order, beginning from initiation of the cephalic phase.
1. Food is tasted, smelled or thought about. 2. The medulla oblongata is stimulatefd. 3. Parasympathetic impulses are carried by the vagus nerve to the neurons of the enteric plexus. 4. Postganglionic neurons stimulate secretion of gastrin and histamine. 5. Gastric secretions are released.
Identify the structures in order through which blood will pass as it passes through and out of the liver
1. Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. 2. Hepatic sinusoid. 3. Central Vein. 4. Hepatic vein. 5. Inferior vena cava
Identify the structures in order through which blood will pass as it passes through and out of the live
1. Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. 2. Hepatic sinusoid. 3. Central vein. 4. Hepatic vein. 5. Inferior vena cava
Place the following structures in the order that food will pass through, beginning with the site of ingestion.
1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Esophagus 4. Stomach 5. Small intestine 6. Large intestine
List the tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outsid
1. Mucosa. 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis 4. Serosa
Place the phases of deglutition in order from beginning to en
1. Voluntary phase. 2. Pharyngeal phase. 3. Esophageal phase
Place the following events of deglutition in order, beginning with the voluntary phase of swallowing.
1. the tongue elevates the bolus toward the oropharynx. 2. The soft palate closes off the nasopharynx. 3. Successive contraction of the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors moves bolus through pharynx. 4. Contraction of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor relaxes the upper esophageal sphincter and allows the bolus to enter the esophagus. 5. Peristaltic contractions of the esophagus move the bolus through the esophagus. 6. The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.
The amount of time that It typically takes material to pass through the large intestine is ______ hours.
18-24
How many sphincters are associated with the esophagus?
2
Typically, there are ______ deciduous teeth and ______ permanent teeth.
20; 32
The liver consists of ______ major lobe(s) and ______ minor lobe(s).
2; 2
Material takes ______ hours to pass through the small intestine, and ______ hours to pass through the large intestine.
3-5; 18-24
The basic functions of the digestive system include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Absorption - Ingestion - Digestion
Intestinal phase.
Acidic chyme in the duodenum stimulates secretion of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions.
Pepsinogen
Active form aids in breaking proteins into smaller peptide chains
Identify the functions of the tongue. Select all that apply.
Aids in speech production - Holds food in place during mastication - Detects taste sensations - Aids in swallowing - Moves food within the mouth
Identify the functions of the palate. (Select all that apply.)
Aids in swallowing - Prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity
Intrinsic factor
Aids in the absorption of Vitamin B12
Which of the following is a salivary gland secretion?
Amylase
Identify the small structure attached to the cecum.
Appendix
Mesentery proper
Associated with the small intestine
Intrinsic factor binds with vitamin ______ and makes it more readily absorbed by the small intestine
B12
Identify the substances within saliva. Select all that apply.
Bicarbonate ion - Mucin - Water - Amylase - Lysozymes
Identify the components of pancreatic juice. Select all that apply.
Bicarbonate ions - Enzymes to digest carbohydrates - Enzymes to digest lipids - Enzymes to digest proteins - Enzymes to digest nucleic acids
Components of bile include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Bilirubin - Bile salts - Cholesterol
Lymphatic nodules within the digestive tract that initiate immune responses against ingested microorganisms are called ______ ______
Blank 1: Peyer or Peyer's - Blank 2: patches
"
Blank 1: accessory or associated
The salivary glands, liver, and pancreas are ______ organs of the digestive system.
Blank 1: accessory or associated
The process of chewing is called
Blank 1: mastication
An inflammation of the parotid gland caused by a viral infection is called ____.
Blank 1: mumps
The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _____peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the ____peritoneum.
Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal
The _____ phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.
Blank 1: voluntary
The ______phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.
Blank 1: voluntary
The pharyngeal Blank 1 Blank 1 pharyngeal , Incorrect Unavailable phase of swallowing involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx.
Blank 1: voluntary
Identify the major proteolytic enzymes produced by the pancreas. (Select all that apply.)
Carboxypeptidase - Chymotrypsin - Trypsin
Identify the region of the large intestine located at the proximal end, where the large intestine meets the small intestine.
Cecum
Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Conversion of ammonia into urea - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Production of bile - Synthesis of new molecules
Identify the three basic parts of a tooth.
Crown - Root - Neck
Identify the ducts that join to directly form the common bile duct. Select all that apply.
Cystic duct - Common hepatic duct
Which of the following is NOT a type of tooth found in the normal adult mouth?
Dentin
Hydrochloric acid
Destroys ingested bacteria and activates pepsin
Identify the functions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. (Select all that apply.)
Destroys ingested bacterial - Activates pepsin
Peptidases
Digests proteins
Identify the secretions of the small intestine. Select all that apply.
Disaccharidases - Cholecystokinin - Secretin - Peptidases - Mucus
Gastric phase.
Distension of the stomach stimulates gastric secretions.
Most of the absorption in the small intestine occurs in which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Duodenum - Jejunum
Identify the components of pancreatic juice. Select all that apply.
Enzymes to digest carbohydrates - Enzymes to digest lipids - Enzymes to digest proteins - Enzymes to digest nucleic acids - Bicarbonate ions
During this phase of swallowing, peristaltic waves move a bolus of food toward the stomach.
Esophageal
This phase of swallowing is responsible for moving food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophageal
Identify the structures that are involved in deglutition. (Select all that apply.)
Esophagus - Laryngopharynx - Tongue - Oropharynx
Identify the structure that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Frenulum
Identify the hormone that promotes gastric secretions.
Gastrin
Enamel
Hard, nonliving material covering the crown
Identify the structures that form the hepatic portal triad. (Select all that apply.)
Hepatic artery - Hepatic duct - Hepatic portal vein
Identify the vessels that empty into the hepatic sinusoids. (Select all that apply.)
Hepatic artery - Hepatic portal vein
Select the blood vessels that carry blood in to the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Hepatic artery - Hepatic portal vein
Identify the vessels that empty into the hepatic sinusoids. (Select all that apply.)
Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic artery
Select the blood vessels that carry blood in to the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Hepatic portal vein - Hepatic artery
Parietal cells of the stomach secrete which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Hydrochloric acid - Intrinsic factor
Identify the one-way valve between the small intestine and the large intestine.
Ileocecal
Secretin
Inhibits gastric secretions
During this phase of stomach secretion, feedback on the stomach begins to inhibit gastric secretions and, therefore, reduce the acidity of chyme.
Intestinal
Identify the phase of gastric regulation that inhibits gastric activity.
Intestinal phase
______ binds with vitamin B12 and makes it more readily absorbed by the small intestine.
Intrinsic factor
Submucosa
It consists of a thick layer of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and glands.
Serosa
It consists of a thin layer of connective tissue and simple squamous epithelium.
Mucosa
It consists of an epithelial lining, a layer of connective tissue referred to as lamina propria, and a thin layer of muscle.
Which of the following is NOT a component of bile?
Lipase
Greater omentum
Membrane extending from the stomach to the transverse colon
Lesser omentum
Membrane that connects the stomach to the liver and the diaphragm
______ waves are relatively weak, whereas ______ waves are stronger.
Mixing; peristaltic
Identify the functions of saliva. Select all that apply.
Moistens food and the oral cavity - Neutralizes bacterial acids - Digests starch
Absorption
Movement of molecules from the digestive tract into the circulation or lymphatic system
______ is a proteoglycan that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of salivary glands.
Mucin
Which of the following structures has no role in the swallowing process?
Nasopharynx
Identify the muscle that forms most of the lips.
Orbicularis oris
Identify the structure of the digestive system that aids in swallowing and prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity.
Palate
Identify the organ of the digestive system that is composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue located posterior to the stomach.
Pancreas
Identify the organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane. Select all that apply.
Pancreas - Duodenum - Kidneys
Identify the three large, paired salivary glands.
Parotid - Sublingual - Submandibular
Identify the types of enzymes secreted by the small intestine. Select all that apply.
Peptidases - Disaccharidases
This phase of swallowing begins with the elevation of the soft palate.
Pharyngeal
This phase of swallowing is initiated when a bolus of food stimulates tactile receptors in the oropharynx.
Pharyngeal
Omental bursa
Pocket created by greater omentum
Identify the functions of the palate. (Select all that apply.)
Prevents food from entering into the nasal cavity - Aids in swallowing
Elimination
Process by which waste products are removed from the body
Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Production of bile - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Synthesis of new molecules - Conversion of ammonia into urea
Mucus
Protects lining of the stomach
Mucus
Protects the duodenum from stomach acids and digestive enzymes
Root canal
Pulp cavity within the root
Bicarbonate ion
Raises the pH of the small intestine
What is the straight, muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal?
Rectum
Select the mechanisms by which saliva helps prevent bacterial infection in the mouth. (Select all that apply.)
Rinsing action - Containing lysozyme - Buffering bacterial acids
Identify the types of movements that occur within the small intestine. (Select all that apply.)
Segmental contractions - Peristaltic contractions
Cephalic phase.
Sight, smell, taste, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions.
Gastrin
Stimulates gastric secretions
Identify the organ of the digestive system that primarily functions as a storage and mixing chamber.
Stomach
Which organ is located totally within the peritoneum?
Stomach
What is the primary function of the stomach?
Storage and mixing chamber
Which of the following substances is not found in saliva?
Sucrase
Identify the process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus.
Swallowing
Identify the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
Synthesis of new molecules - Storage of glycogen, lipids, vitamins, and minerals - Conversion of ammonia into urea - Production of bile
True or false: Mastication enhances the effects of chemical digestion.
TRUE
Ingestion
The intake of solid or liquid food into the stomach
Muscularis
Throughout most of the digestive tract, this tunic consists of two layers of smooth muscle, which are an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
Identify the major proteolytic enzymes produced by the pancreas. (Select all that apply.)
Trypsin - Chymotrypsin - Carboxypeptidase
Identify the factors that specifically target the liver to produce bile. (Select all that apply.)
Vagus nerve - Secretin
Identify the features of the small intestine that function to increase surface area and thus enhance digestion and absorption. Select all that apply.
Villi - Microvilli - Circular folds
The digestive enzyme that breaks down starch in the mouth is called salivary ______.
amylase
The last section of the large intestine is the ______.
anal canal
The cecum is the ______ of the large intestine.
beginning
Gastric secretions are regulated by ______.
both nervous and hormonal mechanisms
Choose the muscle that forms the majority of the lateral walls of the cheeks.
buccinator
The muscle that forms the majority of the cheeks is the ______.
buccinator
The large intestine consists of the ______, ______, ______, and the anal canal.
cecum; colon; rectum
The taste, smell, or thought of food stimulates gastric secretions by activating the ______ phase of gastric regulation.
cephalic
Secretion of exocrine pancreatic juices is stimulated by the vagus nerve as well as the hormones ______.
cholecystokinin and secretin
What is the semifluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions called?
chyme
Teniae coli are bands of longitudinal muscle of the ______.
colon
The submucosa consists of ______ tissue.
connective
premolars; molars
crush and grind food
canines; incisors
cut and tear food
gingiva
dense fibrous connective tissue and stratified squamous tissue covering the alveolar processes
Choose the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
detoxification of harmful substances - conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates - production of blood proteins, including clotting factors - nutrient storage
Choose the functions of the liver. (Select all that apply.)
detoxification of harmful substances - nutrient storage - production of blood proteins, including clotting factors - conversion of amino acids to carbohydrates
The liver rests against the inferior surface of the ______.
diaphragm
What is the acellular substance that covers the dentin of the tooth crown called?
enamel
The cells of the duodenum mucosa that produce regulatory hormones are the ______ cells.
endocrine
The pancreatic islets are the ______ part of the pancreas, and the acini are the ______ part of the pancreas.
endocrine; exocrine
What phase is initiated by the presence of food in the stomach?
gastric
What are the openings for the gastric glands called?
gastric pits
Liver hepatocytes can help control blood sugar by storing ______.
glycogen
The cells of the duodenum mucosa that produce protective mucus are ______ cells.
goblet
enamel
hard, nonliving material covering the crown
The pancreatic islets of the pancreas produce ______, and the acini of the pancreas produce ______.
hormones; digestive enzymes
Salivary secretions ______ in response to parasympathetic stimulation.
increase
Mastication is important because it ______.
increases surface area of food particles for increased efficiency of digestive enzymes
Saliva contains ______, an antibacterial enzyme.
lysozyme
What is the process of chewing called?
mastication
The esophagus is in the ______.
mediastinum
The ______ integrates reflexes involved in control of gastric secretion.
medulla oblongata
The oral cavity is more commonly called the ______.
mouth
Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce ______, and chief cells of the stomach produce ______.
mucus; pepsinogen
How many canines are in one quadrant of the adult mouth?
one
The digestive tract begins with the ______.
oral cavity
The first part of the digestive tract, bounded by the lips and cheeks, is the ______.
oral cavity
Pancreatic exocrine secretions are released into the ______.
pancreatic duct
Secretion from the salivary glands is regulated primarily by the ______ nervous system.
parasympathetic
crown
part of tooth exposed in the oral cavity
The teeth are secured in the alveoli by ______ ligaments.
periodontal
What are lymphatic nodules within the digestive tract that initiate immune responses against ingested microorganisms called?
peyer patches
In the mouth, starch is broken down by ______.
salivary amylase
The secretion from the small intestine that stimulates the liver to produce bile is ______.
secretin
What is the outermost layer of the digestive tract called?
serosa
The external anal sphincter consists of ______ muscle.
skeletal
Disaccharidases and peptidases are enzymes secreted by the ______.
small intestine
In which organ carries out most absorption of nutrients?
small intestine
Mucus, peptidases, and disaccharidases are secretions of the ______.
small intestine
What is the type of muscles that forms the majority of the muscularis of the digestive tract?
smooth
The uvula is part of the ______.
soft palate
During deglutition, the ______ closes off the nasopharynx and the ______ closes off the larynx.
soft palate, epiglottis
pulp
soft tissue consisting of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics in the center of the tooth
The esophagus carries food directly to the ______.
stomach
periodontal ligaments
structures that secure the teeth in the alveoli
The layer of the digestive tract that is a thick layer of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, and glands is the ______.
submucosa
The bands of longitudinal muscle of the colon that form the haustra when they contract are called ______.
teniae coli
What is the phase of swallowing that involves pushing the bolus of food into the oropharynx?
voluntary
The last section of the digestive tract that extends from the inferior end of the rectum and ends at the anus is the ______ _______ .
Blank 1: anal - Blank 2: canal
The small tube attached to the cecum is the
Blank 1: appendix
The four parts of the colon from proximal to distal are the , , , and the sigmoid colon.
Blank 1: ascending - Blank 2: transverse - Blank 3: descending
Fats are emulsified or changed from large lipid droplets into smaller droplets by ______ salts.
Blank 1: bile
The lower esophageal sphincter is also called the sphincter.
Blank 1: cardiac
The three phases of the regulation of stomach secretion in order of occurrence are the , ________ ,______ and intestinal phases
Blank 1: cephalic - Blank 2: gastric
The buccinator muscle, a buccal fat pad, an interior lining of moist stratified squamous epithelium, and an external covering of skin comprise the _______
Blank 1: cheeks or cheek
The cells of the stomach that produce pepsinogen are _____ cells.
Blank 1: chief
The semifluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called
Blank 1: chyme
The three basic parts of a tooth are the ____, with one or more cusps, the neck, and the _____
Blank 1: crown - Blank 2: root
The process that moves a bolus from the oral cavity into the esophagus is called swallowing or ____
Blank 1: deglutition
The two major divisions of the digestive system include the ____tract and the accessory organs.
Blank 1: digestive, alimentary, GI, or gastrointestinal
The small intestine secretes disaccharidases that digest ______as well as peptidases that digest ______
Blank 1: disaccharides, sucrose, lactose, or maltose - Blank 2: proteins or polypeptides
The hepatic portal triad consists of three vessels. They are the hepatic portal vein, the hepatic ______, and the hepatic _____.
Blank 1: duct - Blank 2: artery
The three sections of the small intestine, listed in order as food passes through, are the _____,the_____ and the _______.
Blank 1: duodenun - Blank 2: jejunum - Blank 3: ileum
The acellular substance that protects the tooth against abrasion and acids produced by bacteria is ______.
Blank 1: enamel
The plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract consisting of sensory and motor neurons connecting the digestive tract and the central nervous system comprise the ______ nervous system.
Blank 1: enteric
nervous system, which can function independently of the central nervous system"
Blank 1: enteric
Bile salts emulsify _____
Blank 1: fats, lipids, triglycerides, or fat
The structure that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth is the _____ .
Blank 1: frenulum
The most superior part of the stomach is the _____.
Blank 1: fundus
Gastric pits are the openings for the _____ glands.
Blank 1: gastric
The presence of food in the stomach initiates the _____phase of stomach secretion.
Blank 1: gastric
The presence of food in the stomach initiates the ____phase of stomach secretion.
Blank 1: gastric
Hepatocytes can remove sugar from the blood and store it as ______
Blank 1: glycogen
The palate consists of two parts. The anterior portion is called the ____palate, and the posterior portion is called the _____ palate.
Blank 1: hard or bony - Blank 2: soft
Enlarged rectal veins that may cause bleeding around the anus are called ______ .
Blank 1: hemorrhoids
The vein that carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver is the _______ ______ vein.
Blank 1: hepatic - Blank 2: portal
Parietal cells produce _______ acid and intrinsic factor.
Blank 1: hydrochloric or HCl
The valve that allows intestinal contents to move from the ileum to the large intestine but not in the opposite direction is called the _______ valve.
Blank 1: ileocecal
Of different teeth, the _____cut and tear food, whereas the ______ primarily crush and grind it.
Blank 1: incisors or canines - Blank 2: premolars or molars
During the ______ phase of stomach secretion, feedback on the stomach begins to inhibit gastric secretions and, therefore, reduce the acidity of chyme.
Blank 1: intestinal or gastrointestinal
The major sites of absorption in the small intestine are the _____and the duodenum.
Blank 1: jejunum
The ____ are formed mostly by the orbicularis oris and connective tissue covered by skin.
Blank 1: lips
The ______ are formed mostly by the orbicularis oris and connective tissue covered by skin.
Blank 1: lips
Blood proteins such as albumins and globulins are synthesized in the
Blank 1: liver
Blood proteins such as heparin and clotting factors are synthesized in the
Blank 1: liver
The process of chewing is called ________
Blank 1: mastication
Stomach movements that combine ingested materials and stomach secretions to form chyme are ____waves, and stomach movements that force chyme toward the pyloric sphincter are ____ waves.
Blank 1: mixing - Blank 2: peristaltic
The proteoglycan component of mucus that gives a lubricating quality to the secretions of the submandibular and sublingual gland is _____
Blank 1: mucin
The four tunics of the digestive tract from the inside to the outside are the tunica , tunica , tunica , and tunica adventitia.
Blank 1: mucosa - Blank 2: submucosa - Blank 3: muscularis
The muscle that forms the majority of the lips is the ____ ____
Blank 1: orbicularis - Blank 2: oris
Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are major proteolytic enzymes secreted by the ______ .
Blank 1: pancreas
Carboxypeptidase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin are major proteolytic enzymes secreted by the ______.
Blank 1: pancreas
The organ of the digestive system composed of both endocrine and exocrine tissue, located posterior to the stomach, is the
Blank 1: pancreas
The organ that is retroperitoneal with a tail that extends to the spleen is the
Blank 1: pancreas
Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are produced by the _______cells of the stomach.
Blank 1: parietal
The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the
Blank 1: parietal - Blank 2: peritoneum
The serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal cavity is the ____ _____
Blank 1: parietal - Blank 2: peritoneum
The three large, paired salivary glands are the _____, _________ and submandibular.
Blank 1: parotid - Blank 2: sublingual
The chief cells of the stomach produce _____.
Blank 1: pepsinogen
The hepatic lobule has a _______ triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.
Blank 1: portal
The hepatic lobule has a ______triad at each corner and a central vein located in the center of each lobule.
Blank 1: portal
The structure indicated by the letter A in the figure is the anusBlank 1Blank 1 anus , Incorrect Unavailable, a straight, muscular tube that begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal.
Blank 1: rectum
Organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane are referred to as ______.
Blank 1: retroperitoneal
The names of the two minor lobes of the liver are the and lobes.
Blank 1: right - Blank 2: left
The folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching are called
Blank 1: rugae
Permanent or _____ teeth replace baby or ____teeth.
Blank 1: secondary - Blank 2: primary, deciduous, or milk
The outermost layer of the digestive tract is either a _____, consisting of peritoneum, or _____, a connective tissue layer.
Blank 1: serosa - Blank 2: adventitia
The greatest amount of digestion and absorption occurs in the ______ ______
Blank 1: small - Blank 2: intestine
The majority of the muscularis consists of ____ muscle.
Blank 1: smooth
The layer of the digestive tract that consists of connective tissue containing nerves, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, small glands, and a network of nerve cells is the
Blank 1: submucosa
Periodontal ligaments secure ______ in the alveoli of the mandible and maxilla.
Blank 1: teeth
The ______ molars are also called the wisdom teeth.
Blank 1: third or 3rd
The large muscular organ that occupies most of the oral cavity proper is the
Blank 1: tongue
The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication, aids in swallowing, detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the _____ .
Blank 1: tongue
The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication, aids in swallowing, detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the ______
Blank 1: tongue
The posterior projection of the soft palate is the _____.
Blank 1: uvula
The structural features of the small intestine that serve to increase surface area to allow for greater digestion and absorption include the circular folds, the ______ and the microvilli.
Blank 1: villi or villus
The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _____ peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the _____peritoneum.
Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal
The serous membrane that covers the organs of the abdominal cavity is the _______ peritoneum, and the serous membrane that covers the interior surface of the abdominal wall is the _____ peritoneum.
Blank 1: visceral - Blank 2: parietal
The three phases of deglutition in order from beginning to end are the , , and the esophageal.
Blank 1: voluntary or buccal - Blank 2: pharyngeal
The third molars are also called the ____ teeth.
Blank 1: wisdom
Digestion
Breakdown of large organic molecules into their component parts
Select the mechanisms by which saliva helps prevent bacterial infection in the mouth. (Select all that apply.)
Buffering bacterial acids - Rinsing action - Containing lysozyme
Dentin
Calcified living material surrounding the pulp cavity
Identify the three phases that regulate secretion by the stomach.
Cephalic phase - Gastric phase - Intestinal phase
Nucleases
Chemical digestion of DNA and RNA
Lipase
Chemical digestion of fats
Amylase
Chemical digestion of polysaccharides
Proteolytic enzymes
Chemical digestion of proteins
Identify the hormones that decrease gastric secretions and gastric motility. Select all that apply.
Cholecystokinin - Secretin
Identify the folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching of the stomach.
Rugae
Identify the organs of the digestive system that are considered accessory organs. (Select all that apply.)
Salivary glands - Pancreas - Liver
Identify the factors that stimulate production of pancreatic juices. (Select all that apply.)
Secretin - Cholecystokinin - Vagus nerve
Identify the factors that specifically target the liver to produce bile. (Select all that apply.)
Secretin - Vagus nerve
Identify the features of the small intestine that function to increase surface area and thus enhance digestion and absorption. Select all that apply.
Villi - Circular folds - Microvilli
The tube between the rectum and the anus is the ______.
anal canal
The palate consists of two parts. The bony hard palate is _____, and the nonbony soft palate is _____.
anterior, posterior
dentin
calcified living material surrounding the pulp cavity
The gastrointestinal tract and associated organs make up the ______ system.
digestive
The hepatic portal vein carries blood from the ______ to the ______.
digestive tract; liver
Secretions from the acini cells in the pancreas travel to the ______ through the ______.
duodenum; pancreatic duct
The laryngopharynx carries food directly to the ______.
esophagus
Which parts of the pharynx function in digestion? Select all that apply.
laryngopharynx - oropharynx
The ______ omentum connects the stomach to the liver, whereas the ______ omentum connects the stomach to the transverse colon.
lesser; greater
The movements of the small intestine include segmental contractions that ______ intestinal contents and peristaltic contractions that ______ intestinal contents.
mix; propel
The viral disease that causes an inflammation of the parotid glands is ______.
mumps
The tongue is the large organ of the oral cavity consisting mostly of ______.
muscle
The pancreas is ______.
retroperitoneal
What is the term used to describe organs that are located behind the peritoneal membrane?
retroperitoneal
The liver is located in the ______ abdominal quadrant.
right upper
