BMS 251- Blood Pressure and Blood Vessels Part #1

describe the relationship between blood flow and pressure differences in an individual blood vessel

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mean arterial pressure formulas

DBP+ pulse pressure / 3 TPR x CO

how is blood pressure measured in humans

a blood pressure cuff, cuff is squeezed to the highest possible pressure, then slowly let go in increments until fully relaxed. take blood pressure at highest squeeze, then take it once relaxed

what are the differences of the three layers of a blood vessel in veins and arteries

artery have a very thick tunica media

explain the relationship between resistance and blood flow

as resistance increases blood flow decreases with resistance, it is harder for blood to flow through, making blood flow decrease

explain the relationship between blood pressure and resistance

as resistance increases, blood pressure increases with more resistance, there is a higher blood pressure because there is more blood needed

mean arterial pressure

average pressure blood puts on the arteries

cardiac output formula

heart rate x stroke volume

viscosity

how thick a solution is, causing it to have resistance when things try to go through it

which blood vessel is typically used to draw blood

median cubital vein

what is the unit used for BP

mmHg

tunica externa

outermost layer

pulse pressure

pressure from resting to contracting, extra pressure in the arteries.

SBP: 120 mmHg DBP: 70 mmHg whats the pulse pressure and whats the mean arterial pressure

pulse pressure: 50 mean arterial pressure: 86.66

tunica media

smooth muscle, middle layer

identify average blood pressure

systolic less than 120, diastolic less than 80

pulse pressure formula

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

identify the source of heart sounds heard with a stethoscope (address ventricular pressure with explanation)

the heart makes a lub, dub sound. the sounds come from valves closing. the lub is the AV valves closing, the dub is the SV closing. the valves open and close due to pressure changes in the atria and ventricles.

explain the relationship between blood pressure and blood flow

the higher the blood pressure, the increased the blood flow if there is a higher blood pressure, there is more flood flowing

tunica intima

the innermost layer of a blood vessel

systolic blood pressure

the pressure on arteries from the blood when ventricles are contracted

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

what are the three layers of a blood vessel wall

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

what distinuighes an artery from a vein on a histological image

veins have an open space, arteries have a thicker tunica media

resistance

when blood is moved and it experiences friction

describe the source of korotkoff sounds

when blood pressure resistance increases, cuff makes it so the vessel is very small in diameter, they are created by blood flow through the compressed artery.

diastolic blood pressure

while ventricles are relaxed, the pressure put on arteries by blood is measured

which blood vessel is typically used when taking a pulse reading at the wrist and at the neck

wrist: radial artery neck: carotid artery